tumbar

Spanish

Etymology

From an onomatopoeic / expressive root tumb- or tomb-, imitating the sound of rolling, tumbling, or falling[1][2]. Compare Portuguese tombar, Catalan tombar, French tomber, Romanian tumbă, etc.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /tumˈbaɾ/ [t̪ũmˈbaɾ]
  • Audio (Colombia)(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: tum‧bar

Verb

tumbar (first-person singular present tumbo, first-person singular preterite tumbé, past participle tumbado)

  1. (transitive) to knock over, tip (make fall)
    Synonym: botar
  2. (intransitive) to fall
    Synonym: caerse
  3. (reflexive) to lie down
    Synonyms: acostarse, echarse

Conjugation
    Conjugation of tumbar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive tumbar
gerund tumbando
past participle masculine feminine
singular tumbado tumbada
plural tumbados tumbadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present tumbo tumbastú
tumbásvos		 tumba tumbamos tumbáis tumban
imperfect tumbaba tumbabas tumbaba tumbábamos tumbabais tumbaban
preterite tumbé tumbaste tumbó tumbamos tumbasteis tumbaron
future tumbaré tumbarás tumbará tumbaremos tumbaréis tumbarán
conditional tumbaría tumbarías tumbaría tumbaríamos tumbaríais tumbarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present tumbe tumbestú
tumbésvos2		 tumbe tumbemos tumbéis tumben
imperfect
(ra)		 tumbara tumbaras tumbara tumbáramos tumbarais tumbaran
imperfect
(se)		 tumbase tumbases tumbase tumbásemos tumbaseis tumbasen
future1 tumbare tumbares tumbare tumbáremos tumbareis tumbaren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative tumbatú
tumbávos		 tumbe tumbemos tumbad tumben
negative no tumbes no tumbe no tumbemos no tumbéis no tumben

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of tumbar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive tumbar
dative tumbarme tumbarte tumbarle, tumbarse tumbarnos tumbaros tumbarles, tumbarse
accusative tumbarme tumbarte tumbarlo, tumbarla, tumbarse tumbarnos tumbaros tumbarlos, tumbarlas, tumbarse
with gerund tumbando
dative tumbándome tumbándote tumbándole, tumbándose tumbándonos tumbándoos tumbándoles, tumbándose
accusative tumbándome tumbándote tumbándolo, tumbándola, tumbándose tumbándonos tumbándoos tumbándolos, tumbándolas, tumbándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative tumba
dative túmbame túmbate túmbale túmbanos not used túmbales
accusative túmbame túmbate túmbalo, túmbala túmbanos not used túmbalos, túmbalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative tumbá
dative tumbame tumbate tumbale tumbanos not used tumbales
accusative tumbame tumbate tumbalo, tumbala tumbanos not used tumbalos, tumbalas
with formal second-person singular imperative tumbe
dative túmbeme not used túmbele, túmbese túmbenos not used túmbeles
accusative túmbeme not used túmbelo, túmbela, túmbese túmbenos not used túmbelos, túmbelas
with first-person plural imperative tumbemos
dative not used tumbémoste tumbémosle tumbémonos tumbémoos tumbémosles
accusative not used tumbémoste tumbémoslo, tumbémosla tumbémonos tumbémoos tumbémoslos, tumbémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative tumbad
dative tumbadme not used tumbadle tumbadnos tumbaos tumbadles
accusative tumbadme not used tumbadlo, tumbadla tumbadnos tumbaos tumbadlos, tumbadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative tumben
dative túmbenme not used túmbenle túmbennos not used túmbenles, túmbense
accusative túmbenme not used túmbenlo, túmbenla túmbennos not used túmbenlos, túmbenlas, túmbense

Derived terms

References
  1. Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
  2. “tumbar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Further reading
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