tumma

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Estonian tõmmu, Estonian tume, Ingrian tumma, Karelian tumma, Võro tummõ and Votic tummõ.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈt̪umːɑ]
  • Rhymes: -umːɑ
  • Syllabification(key): tum‧ma

Adjective

tumma (comparative tummempi, superlative tummin)

  1. dark (of colour)
    Hänellä on tumma tukka.
    She has dark hair.
    Minä käytän vain tummia vaatteita.
    I only wear dark clothes.
  2. dark-haired
    Naapurin jätkä seurustelee taas sen tumman tytön kanssa.
    The guy next door is dating the dark-haired girl again.

Usage notes
  • The compound names of dark variants of a color are formed with genitive of tumma, other adjectives often with nominative, depending on the head word, e.g.:
tummankeltainen (“dark yellow”)
tummaihoinen (“dark-skinned”)

Declension
Inflection of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative tumma tummat
genitive tumman tummien
partitive tummaa tummia
illative tummaan tummiin
singular plural
nominative tumma tummat
accusative nom. tumma tummat
gen. tumman
genitive tumman tummien
tummainrare
partitive tummaa tummia
inessive tummassa tummissa
elative tummasta tummista
illative tummaan tummiin
adessive tummalla tummilla
ablative tummalta tummilta
allative tummalle tummille
essive tummana tummina
translative tummaksi tummiksi
instructive — tummin
abessive tummatta tummitta
comitative — tummine
Possessive forms of tumma (type koira)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tummani tummani
accusative nom. tummani tummani
gen. tummani
genitive tummani tummieni
tummainirare
partitive tummaani tummiani
inessive tummassani tummissani
elative tummastani tummistani
illative tummaani tummiini
adessive tummallani tummillani
ablative tummaltani tummiltani
allative tummalleni tummilleni
essive tummanani tumminani
translative tummakseni tummikseni
instructive — —
abessive tummattani tummittani
comitative — tummineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tummasi tummasi
accusative nom. tummasi tummasi
gen. tummasi
genitive tummasi tummiesi
tummaisirare
partitive tummaasi tummiasi
inessive tummassasi tummissasi
elative tummastasi tummistasi
illative tummaasi tummiisi
adessive tummallasi tummillasi
ablative tummaltasi tummiltasi
allative tummallesi tummillesi
essive tummanasi tumminasi
translative tummaksesi tummiksesi
instructive — —
abessive tummattasi tummittasi
comitative — tumminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tummamme tummamme
accusative nom. tummamme tummamme
gen. tummamme
genitive tummamme tummiemme
tummaimmerare
partitive tummaamme tummiamme
inessive tummassamme tummissamme
elative tummastamme tummistamme
illative tummaamme tummiimme
adessive tummallamme tummillamme
ablative tummaltamme tummiltamme
allative tummallemme tummillemme
essive tummanamme tumminamme
translative tummaksemme tummiksemme
instructive — —
abessive tummattamme tummittamme
comitative — tumminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tummanne tummanne
accusative nom. tummanne tummanne
gen. tummanne
genitive tummanne tummienne
tummainnerare
partitive tummaanne tummianne
inessive tummassanne tummissanne
elative tummastanne tummistanne
illative tummaanne tummiinne
adessive tummallanne tummillanne
ablative tummaltanne tummiltanne
allative tummallenne tummillenne
essive tummananne tumminanne
translative tummaksenne tummiksenne
instructive — —
abessive tummattanne tummittanne
comitative — tumminenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative tummansa tummansa
accusative nom. tummansa tummansa
gen. tummansa
genitive tummansa tummiensa
tummainsarare
partitive tummaansa tummiaan
tummiansa
inessive tummassaan
tummassansa		 tummissaan
tummissansa
elative tummastaan
tummastansa		 tummistaan
tummistansa
illative tummaansa tummiinsa
adessive tummallaan
tummallansa		 tummillaan
tummillansa
ablative tummaltaan
tummaltansa		 tummiltaan
tummiltansa
allative tummalleen
tummallensa		 tummilleen
tummillensa
essive tummanaan
tummanansa		 tumminaan
tumminansa
translative tummakseen
tummaksensa		 tummikseen
tummiksensa
instructive — —
abessive tummattaan
tummattansa		 tummittaan
tummittansa
comitative — tummineen
tumminensa

Antonyms

Derived terms

Compounds

Noun

tumma

  1. (informal, possibly derogatory) Romani, Rom (person)
    Tummat kruisasivat Mersullaan kylän halki.
    The Romani cruised through the town in their Mercedes Benz.

Declension
Inflection of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative tumma tummat
genitive tumman tummien
partitive tummaa tummia
illative tummaan tummiin
singular plural
nominative tumma tummat
accusative nom. tumma tummat
gen. tumman
genitive tumman tummien
tummainrare
partitive tummaa tummia
inessive tummassa tummissa
elative tummasta tummista
illative tummaan tummiin
adessive tummalla tummilla
ablative tummalta tummilta
allative tummalle tummille
essive tummana tummina
translative tummaksi tummiksi
instructive — tummin
abessive tummatta tummitta
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of tumma (type koira)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tummani tummani
accusative nom. tummani tummani
gen. tummani
genitive tummani tummieni
tummainirare
partitive tummaani tummiani
inessive tummassani tummissani
elative tummastani tummistani
illative tummaani tummiini
adessive tummallani tummillani
ablative tummaltani tummiltani
allative tummalleni tummilleni
essive tummanani tumminani
translative tummakseni tummikseni
instructive — —
abessive tummattani tummittani
comitative — tummineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tummasi tummasi
accusative nom. tummasi tummasi
gen. tummasi
genitive tummasi tummiesi
tummaisirare
partitive tummaasi tummiasi
inessive tummassasi tummissasi
elative tummastasi tummistasi
illative tummaasi tummiisi
adessive tummallasi tummillasi
ablative tummaltasi tummiltasi
allative tummallesi tummillesi
essive tummanasi tumminasi
translative tummaksesi tummiksesi
instructive — —
abessive tummattasi tummittasi
comitative — tumminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tummamme tummamme
accusative nom. tummamme tummamme
gen. tummamme
genitive tummamme tummiemme
tummaimmerare
partitive tummaamme tummiamme
inessive tummassamme tummissamme
elative tummastamme tummistamme
illative tummaamme tummiimme
adessive tummallamme tummillamme
ablative tummaltamme tummiltamme
allative tummallemme tummillemme
essive tummanamme tumminamme
translative tummaksemme tummiksemme
instructive — —
abessive tummattamme tummittamme
comitative — tumminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tummanne tummanne
accusative nom. tummanne tummanne
gen. tummanne
genitive tummanne tummienne
tummainnerare
partitive tummaanne tummianne
inessive tummassanne tummissanne
elative tummastanne tummistanne
illative tummaanne tummiinne
adessive tummallanne tummillanne
ablative tummaltanne tummiltanne
allative tummallenne tummillenne
essive tummananne tumminanne
translative tummaksenne tummiksenne
instructive — —
abessive tummattanne tummittanne
comitative — tumminenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative tummansa tummansa
accusative nom. tummansa tummansa
gen. tummansa
genitive tummansa tummiensa
tummainsarare
partitive tummaansa tummiaan
tummiansa
inessive tummassaan
tummassansa		 tummissaan
tummissansa
elative tummastaan
tummastansa		 tummistaan
tummistansa
illative tummaansa tummiinsa
adessive tummallaan
tummallansa		 tummillaan
tummillansa
ablative tummaltaan
tummaltansa		 tummiltaan
tummiltansa
allative tummalleen
tummallensa		 tummilleen
tummillensa
essive tummanaan
tummanansa		 tumminaan
tumminansa
translative tummakseen
tummaksensa		 tummikseen
tummiksensa
instructive — —
abessive tummattaan
tummattansa		 tummittaan
tummittansa
comitative — tummineen
tumminensa

Synonyms

Derived terms

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Finnish tumma and Estonian tõmmu.

Pronunciation
  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈtumː]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈtumːɑ]
  • Rhymes: -umː, -umːɑ
  • Hyphenation: tum‧ma

Adjective

tumma

  1. dim, dark

Declension
Declension of tumma (type 3/koira, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative tumma tummat
genitive tumman tummiin
partitive tummaa tummia
illative tummaa tummii
inessive tummaas tummiis
elative tummast tummist
allative tummalle tummille
adessive tummaal tummiil
ablative tummalt tummilt
translative tummaks tummiks
essive tummanna, tummaan tumminna, tummiin
exessive1) tummant tummint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 608

Sidamo

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtumːa/
  • Hyphenation: tum‧ma

Noun

tumma f

  1. plural of tuma

Declension
Declension of tumma (feminine)
unmodified modified
predicative tumma
nominative tumma tumma
genitive tummate*) tumma*)
dative tummate tummara
accusative tumma*)
ablative tummatenni tummanni
*) Stressed on the final vowel.

References
  • Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 38

Swedish

Etymology

tumme (“thumb”) +‎ -a

Verb

tumma (present tummar, preterite tummade, supine tummat, imperative tumma)

  1. to thumb (touch or manipulate with one's thumb)
  2. to confirm mutual agreement (sometimes by parties pressing their right thumbs against one other), to shake on it, to pinky swear
    Vi tummade på det
    We shook on it
  3. to skimp (on something)
    De tummade på säkerheten
    They skimped on security
  4. (chiefly historical) to measure (lumber) in inches (tum)

Conjugation
Conjugation of tumma (weak)
Active Passive
Infinitive tumma tummas
Supine tummat tummats
Imperative tumma —
Imper. plural1 tummen —
Present Past Present Past
Indicative tummar tummade tummas tummades
Ind. plural1 tumma tummade tummas tummades
Subjunctive2 tumme tummade tummes tummades
Participles
Present participle tummande
Past participle tummad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

References
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