warnen
German
Etymology
From Middle High German warnen (“to watch over, protect”), Old High German warnen (“to deny, refuse, decline”), from Proto-West Germanic *warnōn.
Cognate with Old Norse varna (“to refuse”), Old Saxon wernian (“to decline, withhold”), Old English wyrnan, English warn.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvaʁnən/ (standard)
- IPA(key): /ˈvaːnən/, /ˈvaːnn̩/ (widespread, especially northern and central Germany)
Audio (Austria) (file)
Verb
warnen (weak, third-person singular present warnt, past tense warnte, past participle gewarnt, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive, with vor + dative) to warn, to caution, to admonish
- Kritiker warnen vor unabsehbaren Folgen für Gesundheit und Umwelt.
- Critics warn against the unpredictable impact on human health and the environment.
Conjugation
Conjugation of warnen (weak, auxiliary haben)
| infinitive | warnen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | warnend | ||||
| past participle | gewarnt | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich warne | wir warnen | i | ich warne | wir warnen |
| du warnst | ihr warnt | du warnest | ihr warnet | ||
| er warnt | sie warnen | er warne | sie warnen | ||
| preterite | ich warnte | wir warnten | ii | ich warnte1 | wir warnten1 |
| du warntest | ihr warntet | du warntest1 | ihr warntet1 | ||
| er warnte | sie warnten | er warnte1 | sie warnten1 | ||
| imperative | warn (du) warne (du) |
warnt (ihr) | |||
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Composed forms of warnen (weak, auxiliary haben)
Related terms
- Warndreieck
- Warnhinweis
- Warnlaut
- Warnleuchte
- Warnruf
- Warnschrei
- Warnschuss
- Warnsignal
- Warnton
- Warnweste
References
- Friedrich Kluge (1883), “warnen”, in , John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
Middle English
Alternative forms
- warnien
Etymology
From Old English wearnian.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwarnən/
Conjugation
Conjugation of warnen (weak in -ed)
| infinitive | (to) warnen, warne | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | past tense | ||
| 1st-person singular | warne | warned | |
| 2nd-person singular | warnest | warnedest | |
| 3rd-person singular | warneth | warned | |
| subjunctive singular | warne | ||
| imperative singular | — | ||
| plural1 | warnen, warne | warneden, warnede | |
| imperative plural | warneth, warne | — | |
| participles | warnynge, warnende | warned, ywarned | |
1Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants
- English: warn
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