wfꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Based on descendant ⲟⲩⲱϥ (ouōf):

 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwaːfaʀ/ → /ˈwaːfaʀ/ → /ˈwaːfəʔ/ → /ˈwoːf/

Based on descendant ⲟⲩⲟϥ (ouof):

 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwafʀuw/ → /ˈwafʀuw/ → /ˈwafʔəʔ/ → /ˈwaf/

Noun

 m

  1. lung

Inflection
Declension of wfꜣ (masculine)
singular wfꜣ
dual wfꜣwj
plural wfꜣw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wfꜣ  
wfꜣw
[New Kingdom]

Descendants
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϥ (ouōf), ⲟⲩⲟϥ (ouof)

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to discuss, to talk about
  2. (transitive) to support, to agree with (someone’s plea)
  3. (transitive) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    1. to reproach, to speak ill of (someone)

Inflection
Conjugation of wfꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wfꜣ, geminated stem: wfꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
wfꜣ
 wfꜣw, wfꜣ
 wfꜣt
 wfꜣ
 wfꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
wfꜣ
 ḥr wfꜣ
 m wfꜣ
 r wfꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect wfꜣ.n
 wfꜣw, wfꜣ
 consecutive wfꜣ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative wfꜣt
perfective3 wfꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 wfꜣ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective wfꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 wfꜣ
 wfꜣꜣ
 potentialis1 wfꜣ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive wfꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect wfꜣ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective wfꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 wfꜣ
 wfꜣ, wfꜣw5, wfꜣy5
imperfective wfꜣ, wfꜣy, wfꜣw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 wfꜣ, wfꜣj6, wfꜣy6
 wfꜣ, wfꜣw5
prospective wfꜣ, wfꜣtj7
 — wfꜣtj4, wfꜣt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Noun

 m

  1. conversation, talk
  2. subject or theme of discussion

Inflection
Declension of wfꜣ (masculine)
singular wfꜣ
dual wfꜣwj
plural wfꜣw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wfꜣ  
wfꜣ

References
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 306.3–306.4
  • Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 60
  • Hannig, Rainer (1997) Großes Handwörterbuch Ägyptisch-Deutsch: die Sprache der Pharaonen (2800–950 v. Chr.) (Hannig-Lexica; 1), second edition, Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, →ISBN, page 193
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