zwr

See also: ZWR

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈzaːwaɾ/ → /ˈsaːwaj/ → /ˈsaːwəʔ/ → /ˈsoːw/

Verb
z
wr
r		 A2

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive or intransitive) to drink
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.8–1.9:
      irswrriA2kHn
      a      		 t
      x      		 wW22A1O43pa
      k      		 iwibZ1fHtp
      t      		 pwY1
      jr swrj.k ḥnꜥ tḫw šzp.k jw jb.f ḥtp.w
      If you drink with a drunkard, you should partake when his heart is satisfied.

Inflection
Conjugation of zwr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: zwr, geminated stem: zwrr
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
zwr
 zwrw, zwr
 zwrt
 zwr
 zwr
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
zwr
 ḥr zwr
 m zwr
 r zwr
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect zwr.n
 zwrw, zwr
 consecutive zwr.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative zwrt
perfective3 zwr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 zwr.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective zwr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 zwr
 zwrr
 potentialis1 zwr.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive zwr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect zwr.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective zwr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 zwr
 zwr, zwrw5, zwry5
imperfective zwr, zwry, zwrw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 zwr, zwrj6, zwry6
 zwr, zwrw5
prospective zwr, zwrtj7
 — zwrtj4, zwrt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of zwr  
swr
r		 imwA2
swr
r		 A2
swr
r		 iA2
swrj swr swrj
from Papyrus Ebers 2

By the Middle Kingdom, the r in this word is often supplemented or replaced by j, reflecting a phonetic change.

Derived terms

Descendants

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 171.
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 428.5–428.17
  • Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 146
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 84
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