Shapur I's victory relief at Naqsh-e Rostam

Shapur I's victory relief at Naqsh-e Rostam is located 3 kilometers north of Persepolis. It is one of eight Sasanian rock carvings cut into the cliff beneath the tombs of their Achaemenid predecessors.[1] [2]

Valerian picture on his coin

References
  1. Mehrdad Kia, The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia (ABC-CLIO, 2016), vol. 1, s.v. "Naqsh-e Rostam". The description is wrong please correct! This carving depicts a famous scene in which the Roman Emperor, Valerian, is kneeling before Shapur I and asking for mercy. Shapur is passing his conditions to Phillip the Arab as Persians did not consider Romans their level to communicate with. They understood and see Romans as Barbars who feed lions with prisoners, massacre and crusify innocent people. Shapour defeated Valerian at the Battle of Edessa, in which the entire Roman army was destroyed and Valerian became Shapour's prisoner but not killed and released healthy as a gesture of Persian's mercy. This was the first and only time a Roman emperor was taken prisoner by Persisn Commandos. The Emperor Philip the Arab is depicting standing beside him to receive the condirions. Valerian holding his hand up to protect himself from Shapour's horse kick. There is a Greek inscription of five lines underneath the horse, but it is damaged deliberately. It is believed that there were also two inscriptions, now destroyed, in Middle Persian and the Parthian language. Roman Empire went to 4 battles with Persians and Lost 3 of them in thd same manner.
  2. The history of pre-Islamic literature of Persia, Ahmad Tafazzoli and Zhale Amoozgar, p 87, Sokhan publications, Tehran, ISBN 964-5983-14-2

29.9886°N 52.8719°E / 29.9886; 52.8719

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