ζῆλος

See also: Ζῆλος and ζήλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂-.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /zdɛ̂ː.los/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈze̝.los/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈzi.los/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈzi.los/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈzi.los/

Noun

ζῆλος • (zêlos) m (genitive ζήλου); second declension

eager rivalry, zealous imitation, emulation, a noble passion
- Plato, Menexenus 242A
- Aristotle, Rhetoric 2.11.1
- Hesiod, Works and Days 193
- Lysias, Collected Works 195.13
- Plato, Philebus 47E
- Plato, Philebus 50B
- Plato, Laws 679C
- Plato, The Republic 550E
1. (with genitive) zeal for one
  - Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 943
  - Plutarch, Theseus 25
  - Lucian, Demonax 57
2. (with genitive)
  - Euripides, Hecuba 352
  - Lucian, The Ignorant Book-Collector 17
  - Plutarch, Coriolanus 4
  - Plutarch, Pericles 2
(passive) the object of emulation or desire, happiness, bliss, honour, glory
- Sophocles, Ajax 503
- Demosthenes, On the Crown 217
- Demosthenes, On the Crown 120
- Demosthenes, Against Aristocrates 64, (Compare On the Crown 273, Funeral Speech 33)
(of the style of Asiatic Orators) extravagance, fierceness
- Strabo, Geography 648
- Plutarch, Mark Antony 2
- New Testament, Epistle to the Hebrews 10:27

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ζῆλος; τοῦ ζήλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ζῆλος ho zêlos	τὼ ζήλω tṑ zḗlō	οἱ ζῆλοι hoi zêloi
Genitive	τοῦ ζήλου toû zḗlou	τοῖν ζήλοιν toîn zḗloin	τῶν ζήλων tôn zḗlōn
Dative	τῷ ζήλῳ tôi zḗlōi	τοῖν ζήλοιν toîn zḗloin	τοῖς ζήλοις toîs zḗlois
Accusative	τὸν ζῆλον tòn zêlon	τὼ ζήλω tṑ zḗlō	τοὺς ζήλους toùs zḗlous
Vocative	ζῆλε zêle	ζήλω zḗlō	ζῆλοι zêloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

(eager rivalry): φθόνος (phthónos)

Derived terms

ζηλοτυπία (zēlotupía)
ζηλότυπος (zēlótupos)
ζηλόω (zēlóō)
ζηλωτής (zēlōtḗs)
χᾰμαίζηλος (khamaízēlos)

Descendants

Greek: ζήλος (zílos)
→ Latin: zelus
- Albanian: zell
- Catalan: zel
- English: zeal
- French: zèle
- Italian: zelo
- Portuguese: cio, zelo, ciúme
- Romanian: zel
- Spanish: celo
Glosa: zelo

Further reading

“ζῆλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ζῆλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ζῆλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
G2205 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- admiration idem, page 12.
- bliss idem, page 83.
- competition idem, page 151.
- emulation idem, page 269.
- envy idem, page 279.
- happiness idem, page 384.
- rivalry idem, page 718.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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