гайка

Inherited from Old Ruthenian га́йка, from Proto-Slavic *gajьka.

• IPA^(key): [ˈɣajka]

га́йка • (hájka) f inan (genitive га́йкі, nominative plural га́йкі, genitive plural га́ек)

1. nut

Borrowed from Russian га́йка (gájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka. Further origin is uncertain:

• Either related to Bulgarian жир (žir, “fat, grease”), гоя́ (gojá, “to lush”) with initial meaning something that fastens, fixates (compare Ukrainian га́їти (hájity, “to hinder one's motion”), Czech hájit (“to protect”));
• or from the root of Bulgarian га́щи (gášti, “pants”), originally meaning something that fits onto.

See Russian га́йка (gájka) for further discussion and cognates.

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡajkə]

га́йка • (gájka) f (related adjective га́ечен, diminutive га́йчица)

1. nut (fastener)

   Synonym: (dialectal, dated) нави́тък (navítǎk)

• га́ечен ключ (gáečen ključ, “spanner, wrench”)

• гайка in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
• гайка in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Čitanka.Info)

Borrowed from Russian га́йка (gájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka. First attested in the 18th century.

га́йка • (transliteration needed) f inan

1. nut (that fits on a bolt)

• Belarusian: га́йка (hájka)
• Ukrainian: га́йка (hájka)

• Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1985), “гайка”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), issue 6 (выостреный – глядати), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, page 243

Per Trubachev and Anikin (although Vasmer expressed skepticism) from Proto-Slavic *gajьka (“something that connects; something that prohibits”), derived from Proto-Slavic *gajiti (“to protect”).

Attested since 17th century.

Cognates include Serbo-Croatian gȃjka (“movable ring; nut”), dialectal Czech hajka (“straw landmark on a pole as a sign prohibiting road use”), Ukrainian га́їти (hájity, “to slow down; to linger”), Czech hájiti (“to protect, care”), Slovak hájit’ (“to protect, stand up for”).

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡajkə]

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га́йка • (gájka) f inan (genitive га́йки, nominative plural га́йки, genitive plural га́ек)

1. nut (that fits on a bolt)

• гаечка (gaječka), гайковёрт (gajkovjórt), гаечный ключ (gaječnyj ključ)
• гаечный (gaječnyj), гайконарезной (gajkonareznoj)

• → Armenian: գայկա (gayka)
• → Azerbaijani: qayka
• → Bulgarian: га́йка (gájka)
• → Ingrian: gaika
• → Old Ruthenian: га́йка
  • Belarusian: га́йка (hájka)
  • Ukrainian: га́йка (hájka)
• → Turkmen: gaýka

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гайка”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress