государь

Russian

Alternative forms
  • осуда́рь (osudárʹ) – dialectal

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic государь (gosudarĭ), a later form of господарь (gospodarĭ).[1] The reshaping of the latter has been explained by the influence of the root суд- (sud-, “to judge”)[2] or by a relaxed pronunciation[3].

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ɡəsʊˈdarʲ]
  • Audio(file)

Noun

госуда́рь • (gosudárʹ) m anim (genitive госуда́ря, nominative plural госуда́ри, genitive plural госуда́рей, feminine госуда́рыня, related adjective госуда́рев)

  1. sovereign
  2. Your Majesty
  3. sire
    ми́лостивый госуда́рь ― mílostivyj gosudárʹ ― Sir; Dear sir (in letters)

Declension
Declension of госуда́рь (anim masc-form soft-stem accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative госуда́рь
gosudárʹ		 госуда́ри
gosudári
genitive госуда́ря
gosudárja		 госуда́рей
gosudárej
dative госуда́рю
gosudárju		 госуда́рям
gosudárjam
accusative госуда́ря
gosudárja		 госуда́рей
gosudárej
instrumental госуда́рем
gosudárem		 госуда́рями
gosudárjami
prepositional госуда́ре
gosudáre		 госуда́рях
gosudárjax
Pre-reform declension of госуда́рь (anim masc-form soft-stem accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative госуда́рь
gosudárʹ		 госуда́ри
gosudári
genitive госуда́ря
gosudárja		 госуда́рей
gosudárej
dative госуда́рю
gosudárju		 госуда́рямъ
gosudárjam
accusative госуда́ря
gosudárja		 госуда́рей
gosudárej
instrumental госуда́ремъ
gosudárem		 госуда́рями
gosudárjami
prepositional госуда́рѣ
gosudárě		 госуда́ряхъ
gosudárjax

Derived terms

References
  1. Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “государь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
  2. Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “государь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 210
  3. Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989), “государь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN
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