кум

From Proto-Mari *kŭm, from Proto-Uralic *kolme.

кум • (kum)

1. three

From Proto-Turkic *kum.

• IPA^(key): /qum/

кум • (kum)

1. sand (finely ground rock)

From Proto-Slavic *kumъ.

• IPA^(key): [kum]
• Rhymes: -um

кум • (kum) m (plural кумови, feminine кума, related adjective кумов, diminutive кумче)

1. witness (at a wedding)
2. godfather

• кума f (kuma)
• кумашин m (kumašin)
• кумство n (kumstvo)

кум • (qum)

1. sand

• IPA^(key): [kum]

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

кум • (kum) m anim (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural кумовья́, genitive plural кумовьёв, feminine кума́)

1. godfather of one's child
2. father of one's godchild
3. (colloquial) a friend in high places, one's benefactor
4. (criminal slang) security officer, detective
5. (obsolete) man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)

• кумовство́ (kumovstvó)

• кума́ (kumá)

• → Ingrian: kooma

• крёстная мать (krjóstnaja matʹ)
• крёстная дочь (krjóstnaja dočʹ)
• крёстный оте́ц (krjóstnyj otéc)
• крёстный сын (krjóstnyj syn)

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кум”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кума”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

Borrowed from Turkic; compare to Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Uzbek qum.

кум • (kum) m inan (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́мы, genitive plural ку́мов)

1. (geomorphology) erg, sand sea (in Central Asia)

кум • (kum) f anim pl

1. genitive/accusative plural of кума́ (kumá)

From Proto-Slavic *kumъ, from earlier *kъmotrъ, from Latin commater, see kmotra, kmotr in Czech.

• IPA^(key): /kûːm/

ку̑м m (Latin spelling kȗm)

1. godfather
2. witness (at wedding)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قوم‎ (Turkish kum (“sand”)).

• IPA^(key): /kûm/

ку̏м m (Latin spelling kȕm)

1. (uncountable) sand

From Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”). Cognate with Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Crimean Tatar qum, Kumyk хум (xum), Bashkir ҡом (qom), Tatar ком (qom), Azerbaijani qum, Turkish kum, Turkmen gum, Uzbek qum, Khakas хум (xum), Shor қум, Tuvan кум (kum), Western Yugur qum, etc.

кум • (kum)

1. sand

• кумак (kumak)

“кум”, in Grammatika Altajskovo Jazyka [Altaic language Grammar], Kazan: V universtiteskoj til, 1869, →ISBN

From Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”).

кум • (kum) (definite accusative кумну, plural кумнар)

1. sand

• IPA^(key): [kum]

From Proto-Slavic *kumъ, back-formation from *kuma (“godmother”) (whence also кума́ (kumá)), from Balkan Vulgar Latin *cómmater, from Latin compater (“godfather”).

кум • (kum) m pers (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́ми, genitive plural ку́мів, feminine кума́, related adjective кумі́вський or ку́мів)

1. godfather of one's child
2. father of one's godchild
3. (colloquial) man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)
4. (folk poetic) used as an epithet for a wolf

• кумі́вство (kumívstvo)

• хреще́на ма́ти (xreščéna máty)
• хреще́на дочка́ (xreščéna dočká)
• хреще́ний ба́тько (xreščényj bátʹko)
• хреще́ний син (xreščényj syn)

• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кум”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 138
• Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “кум”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
• Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2015), “кум”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (зга́га – ква́рта), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN

Onomatopoeic

• кум-ку́м (kum-kúm)

кум • (kum)

1. sound of a frog, ribbit

• ку́мкати (kúmkaty)

• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кум-кум”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 140
• Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “кум-кум”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
• Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2015), “кум2”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (зга́га – ква́рта), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

кум • (kum) f pers pl

1. genitive/accusative plural of кума́ (kumá)