գրտնակ
Armenian
Alternative forms
Etymology
A dialectal word, now adopted in the literary language. HHB has Old Armenian գրտանակ (grtanak, “rolling pin”),[1] but its place of attestation is unknown.
Undoubtedly archaic and borrowed from a Middle Iranian antecedent of Persian گردنه (gardane), وردنه (vardane), وردانه (vardâne, “rolling pin”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *wart- (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, rotate”).
New Julfa dialect վարդանա (vardana), Azerbaijani vərdənə and Turkish merdane (“rolling pin”) are borrowed from Persian وردنه (vardane).
Probably related to Middle Armenian վարդանակ (vardanak, “neck?”),[2] վարդան-ցաւ (vardan-cʿaw, “throat pain?”),[3] Persian گردن (gardan, “neck”).
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [ɡəɾtˈnɑk]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [kʰəɾdˈnɑɡ]
Declension
i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | գրտնակ (grtnak) | գրտնակներ (grtnakner) | ||
| dative | գրտնակի (grtnaki) | գրտնակների (grtnakneri) | ||
| ablative | գրտնակից (grtnakicʿ) | գրտնակներից (grtnaknericʿ) | ||
| instrumental | գրտնակով (grtnakov) | գրտնակներով (grtnaknerov) | ||
| locative | գրտնակում (grtnakum) | գրտնակներում (grtnaknerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | գրտնակը/գրտնակն (grtnakə/grtnakn) | գրտնակները/գրտնակներն (grtnaknerə/grtnaknern) | ||
| dative | գրտնակին (grtnakin) | գրտնակներին (grtnaknerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | գրտնակս (grtnaks) | գրտնակներս (grtnakners) | ||
| dative | գրտնակիս (grtnakis) | գրտնակներիս (grtnakneris) | ||
| ablative | գրտնակիցս (grtnakicʿs) | գրտնակներիցս (grtnaknericʿs) | ||
| instrumental | գրտնակովս (grtnakovs) | գրտնակներովս (grtnaknerovs) | ||
| locative | գրտնակումս (grtnakums) | գրտնակներումս (grtnaknerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | գրտնակդ (grtnakd) | գրտնակներդ (grtnaknerd) | ||
| dative | գրտնակիդ (grtnakid) | գրտնակներիդ (grtnaknerid) | ||
| ablative | գրտնակիցդ (grtnakicʿd) | գրտնակներիցդ (grtnaknericʿd) | ||
| instrumental | գրտնակովդ (grtnakovd) | գրտնակներովդ (grtnaknerovd) | ||
| locative | գրտնակումդ (grtnakumd) | գրտնակներումդ (grtnaknerumd) | ||
Derived terms
- գրտնակել (grtnakel)
Descendants
- Kurdish:
- → Northern Kurdish: kirtnak, kirdanek, kerdenek
- → Turkish: kındırak, kındırek, kındırık, kındirek, kindirek, kırtnak (dialectal)
References
- Ananean, Mkrtičʿ (1769), “վարտանայ”, in Baṙgirkʿ Haykazean lezui. Baṙgirkʿ yašxarhabaṙē i grabaṙn [Dictionary of the Armenian Language. Dictionary from New Armenian into Old Armenian] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 606a
- Norayr N. Biwzandacʿi (2000), “վարդանակ”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʿ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʿeancʿ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʿ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries], edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, page 698
- Norayr N. Biwzandacʿi (2000), “վարդանցաւ”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʿ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʿeancʿ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʿ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries], edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, page 698
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1913), “գրտնակ”, in Hayerēn gawaṙakan baṙaran [Armenian Provincial Dictionary] (Ēminean azgagrakan žołovacu; 9) (in Armenian), Tiflis: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 260a
- Amatuni, Sahak (1912), “գռնակ”, in Hayocʿ baṙ u ban [Armenian Words and Idioms] (in Armenian), Vagharshapat: Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, page 155
- Asatrian, Garnik (1999/2000), “Review of: Armenian Loanwords in Turkish by Robert Dankoff”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 3/4, page 426b
- Asatrian, Garnik (2017), “Middle Iranian Lexical Archaisms in Armenian Dialects”, in Enrico Morano, Elio Provasi and Adriano V. Rossi, editors, Studia Philologica Iranica : Gherardo Gnoli Memorial Volume (Serie Orientale Roma N.S.; 5), Rome: Copertina Del Libro, →ISBN, page 8
- Asatrian, Garnik S. (2011) A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects (in Persian and English), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 412
- Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 78a
- Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, § 123, page 40
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