خوردن

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian xwar-, from Proto-Iranian *hwar- (to eat, consume). Cognates include Northern Kurdish xwarin (to eat) and vexwarin (to drink), Northern Luri هںردە (harde), Tat xardən, Pashto خوړل (khwaṟël, to eat), Ossetian хӕрд (xærd, food) and Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (xᵛaraiti, to consume, eat). Compare also Old Armenian խորտիկ (xortik, food) and խորակ (xorak, kind of pastry), borrowed from Iranian.

Original meaning of the root was "to take". During the Proto-Iranian period it replaced the native Indo-European root for "to eat" *h₁ed- (>Proto-Iranian *Had-; compare Latin edō, Ancient Greek ἔδω (édō), English eat), perhaps originally being used in a more informal way. The other root has been preserved in several nominal formations, such as Proto-Iranian *HacwaHastiš (alfalfa) and Ossetian ад (ad, taste).

Pronunciation

  • (Tajik) IPA(key): /xɵɾdan/

Verb

Dari خوردن
Iranian Persian
Tajik хӯрдан (xürdan)

خوردن (xordan), present stem خور (xor)

  1. to eat
    امروز چی خورده‌ای؟
    emruz či xordi?
    What have you eaten today?
  2. to drink
  3. (with به) to run into, collide with

Conjugation

Derived terms

See also

References

  • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), خوردن”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147
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