دشمن

Azerbaijani

Noun

دشمن (düşmən) (definite accusative دشمنی‎ (düşməni), plural دشمنلر‎ (düşmənlər))

  1. Arabic spelling of düşmən (“enemy”)

Declension
Declension of دشمن
singular plural
nominative دشمن دشمنلر‎
definite accusative دشمنی‎ دشمنلری‎
dative دشمنه‎ دشمنلره‎
locative دشمنده‎ دشمنلرده‎
ablative دشمندن‎ دشمنلردن‎
definite genitive دشمنین‎ دشمنلرین‎

Baluchi

Noun

دشمن • (dušman)

  1. enemy

See also

Khalaj

Noun

دُشمَن (duşman) (definite accusative دُشمَنؽ‎, plural دُشمَنلار‎)

  1. Arabic spelling of duşman (“enemy”)

Declension
Declension of دشمن
singular plural
nominative دشمن دشمنلار‎
genitive دشمنؽین‎ دشمنلارؽین‎
dative دشمنقا‎ دشمنلارقا‎
definite accusative دشمنؽ‎ دشمنلارؽ‎
locative دشمنچا‎ دشمنلارچا‎
ablative دشمندا‎ دشمنلاردا‎
instrumental دشمنلا‎ دشمنلارلا‎
equative دشمنوارا‎ دشمنلاروارا‎
quantitative دشمنقَدَر‎ دشمنلارقَدَر‎

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian دشمن‎ (došman) (compare Avar тушман (tušman), Azerbaijani düşmən, Baluchi دژمن‎ (dužman), دشمن‎ (dušman), Bashkir дошман (doşman), Bengali দুশমন (duśmon), Chuvash тӑшман (tăšman), Crimean Tatar duşman, Gujarati દુશ્મન (duśman), Kazakh дұшпан (dūşpan), Kumyk душман (duşman), Northern Kurdish dijmin, دوژمن‎ (dujmin), Macedonian душман (dušman), Moksha душман (dušman), Pashto دوښمن‎ (duӽmán), دښمن‎ (doӽmán), Punjabi ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), Russian душма́н (dušmán), Sindhi دشمن‎, Southern Altai тушман (tušman), Tajik душман (dušman), Turkmen duşman, Urdu دشمن‎ (duśman), Uyghur دۈشمەن‎ (düshmen), Uzbek dushman, Zazaki dışmen).

Noun

دشمن • (düşmen, düşman)

  1. enemy, foe
    • 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk‎, page 500:
      ‏دشمنلر و خلیفه‌لر برابر اوله‌بیلیرلر و هر شی یاپمغه تشبث ایده‌بیلیرلر. فقط ، یكی توركیه‌نك طرز اداره‌سنی ، سیاستنی ، قوتی قطعیاً صارصه‌مزلر.‎‎
      Düşmanlar ve halifeler beraber olabilirler ve her şey yapmaya teşebbüs edebilirler. Fakat, yeñi Türkiye'nin tarz idaresini, siyasetini, kuvveti katiyen sarsamazlar.
      (please add an English translation of this quote)

Descendants

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšmn'), [script needed] (dwšmyn'), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫏𐫗‎ (dwšmyn /dušmēn/, “enemy”), from Proto-Iranian *dušmánah.

Pronunciation
  • (Tajik) IPA(key): /duʃˈman/

Noun
Dari دشمن
Iranian Persian
Tajik душман (dušman)

دشمن • (došman) (plural دشمنان‎ (došmanân))

  1. enemy

Inflection
    Enclitic-attached forms of دشمن (došman)
    Basic forms of دشمن (došman)
singular plural
bare دشمن
(došman)		 دشمن‌ها
(došman-hấ)
دشمنا △
(došmanấ)
definitive direct object دشمن را
(došman râ)
دشمن رو △
(došmano)		 دشمن‌ها را
(došman-hấ râ)
دشمنا رو △
(došmanấ ro)
ezâfe دشمن
(došman-e)		 دشمن‌های
(došman-hấ-ye)
دشمنای △
(došmanấ-ye)
marked indefinite
or relative definite		 دشمنی
(došman-i)		 دشمن‌هایی
(došmanấn-i, došman-hấ-i)
دشمنایی △
(došmanấi)
△ Colloquial.
    Possessive forms of دشمن (došman)
singular plural
1st person singular
(“my”)		 دشمنم‎
(došmanam)		 دشمن‌هایم‎
(došman-hấyam)
دشمن‌هام، دشمنام‎ △
(došmanấm)
2nd person singular
(“your”)		 دشمنت‎
(došmanat)
[Term?] △
(došmanet)		 دشمن‌هایت‎
(došman-hấyat)
دشمن‌هات، دشمنات‎ △
(došmanất)
3rd person singular
(“his, her, its”)		 دشمنش‎
(došmanaš)
[Term?] △
(došmaneš)		 دشمن‌هایش‎
(došman-hấyaš)
دشمن‌هاش، دشمناش‎ △
(došmanấš)
1st plural
(“our”)		 دشمنمان‎
(došmanemân)
دشمنمون‎ △
(došmanemun)		 دشمن‌هایمان‎
(došman-hấyemân)
دشمن‌هامون، دشمنامون‎ △
(došmanấmun)
2nd plural
(“your”)		 دشمنتان‎
(došmanetân)
دشمنتون‎ △
(došmanetun)		 دشمن‌هایتان‎
(došman-hấyetân)
دشمن‌هاتون، دشمناتون‎ △
(došmanấtun)
3rd plural
(“their”)		 دشمنشان‎
(došmanešân)
دشمنشون‎ △
(došmanešun)		 دشمن‌هایشان‎
(došman-hấyešân)
دشمن‌هاشون، دشمناشون‎ △
(došmanấšun)
△ Colloquial.
    Predicative forms of دشمن (došman)
singular plural
1st person
(“I am, we are”)		 دشمنم‎
(došmanam)		 دشمنیم‎
(došmanim)
2nd person
(“you are”)		 دشمنی‎
(došmani)		 دشمنید‎
(došmanid)
دشمنین‎ △
(došmanin)
3rd person
(“he/she/it is, they are”)		 دشمن است‎
(došman ast)
دشمنه‎ △
(došmane)		 دشمنند‎
(došmanand)
دشمنن‎ △
(došmanan)
△ Colloquial.

Antonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

References
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “թշնամի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 191–192

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian دشمن‎ (došman).

Pronunciation

Noun

دُشْمَن • (duśman) m (Hindi spelling दुश्मन)

  1. enemy, foe
  2. opponent
    Synonym: مُخالف‎ (muxālif)

Declension
Declension of دشمن
singular plural
direct دُشمن‎ (duśman) دُشمن‎ (duśman)
oblique دُشمن‎ (duśman) دُشمنوں‎ (duśmanō̃)
vocative دُشمن‎ (duśman) دُشمنو‎ (duśmanō)

References
  • S. W. Fallon (1879), “دشمن”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
  • “دشمن”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • Platts, John T. (1884), “دشمن”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “دشمن”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • “دشمن”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
  • John Shakespear (1834), “دشمن”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
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