سرد

Arabic

Etymology

From the root س ر د‎ (s-r-d).

Pronunciation

Verb: IPA^(key): /sa.ra.da/
Noun: IPA^(key): /sard/

Verb

سَرَدَ • (sarada) I, non-past يَسْرُدُ‎‎ (yasrudu)

to narrate, to report, to tell
Synonyms: قَصَّ‎ (qaṣṣa), رَوَى‎ (rawā)
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Conjugation

Conjugation of

سَرَدَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun سَرْد)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					سَرْد sard
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					سَارِد‎ sārid
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَسْرُود‎ masrūd
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَرَدْتُ‎ saradtu	سَرَدْتَ‎ saradta	سَرَدَ sarada	سَرَدْتُمَا‎ saradtumā	سَرَدَا‎ saradā	سَرَدْنَا‎ saradnā	سَرَدْتُمْ‎ saradtum	سَرَدُوا‎ saradū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	سَرَدْتُ‎ saradtu	سَرَدْتِ‎ saradti	سَرَدَتْ‎ saradat	سَرَدْتُمَا‎ saradtumā	سَرَدَتَا‎ saradatā	سَرَدْنَا‎ saradnā	سَرَدْتُنَّ‎ saradtunna	سَرَدْنَ‎ saradna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسْرُدُ‎ ʔasrudu	تَسْرُدُ‎ tasrudu	يَسْرُدُ‎ yasrudu	تَسْرُدَانِ‎ tasrudāni	يَسْرُدَانِ‎ yasrudāni	نَسْرُدُ‎ nasrudu	تَسْرُدُونَ‎ tasrudūna	يَسْرُدُونَ‎ yasrudūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَسْرُدُ‎ ʔasrudu	تَسْرُدِينَ‎ tasrudīna	تَسْرُدُ‎ tasrudu	تَسْرُدَانِ‎ tasrudāni	تَسْرُدَانِ‎ tasrudāni	نَسْرُدُ‎ nasrudu	تَسْرُدْنَ‎ tasrudna	يَسْرُدْنَ‎ yasrudna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسْرُدَ‎ ʔasruda	تَسْرُدَ‎ tasruda	يَسْرُدَ‎ yasruda	تَسْرُدَا‎ tasrudā	يَسْرُدَا‎ yasrudā	نَسْرُدَ‎ nasruda	تَسْرُدُوا‎ tasrudū	يَسْرُدُوا‎ yasrudū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَسْرُدَ‎ ʔasruda	تَسْرُدِي‎ tasrudī	تَسْرُدَ‎ tasruda	تَسْرُدَا‎ tasrudā	تَسْرُدَا‎ tasrudā	نَسْرُدَ‎ nasruda	تَسْرُدْنَ‎ tasrudna	يَسْرُدْنَ‎ yasrudna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسْرُدْ‎ ʔasrud	تَسْرُدْ‎ tasrud	يَسْرُدْ‎ yasrud	تَسْرُدَا‎ tasrudā	يَسْرُدَا‎ yasrudā	نَسْرُدْ‎ nasrud	تَسْرُدُوا‎ tasrudū	يَسْرُدُوا‎ yasrudū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَسْرُدْ‎ ʔasrud	تَسْرُدِي‎ tasrudī	تَسْرُدْ‎ tasrud	تَسْرُدَا‎ tasrudā	تَسْرُدَا‎ tasrudā	نَسْرُدْ‎ nasrud	تَسْرُدْنَ‎ tasrudna	يَسْرُدْنَ‎ yasrudna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُسْرُدْ‎ usrud		اُسْرُدَا‎ usrudā			اُسْرُدُوا‎ usrudū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اُسْرُدِي‎ usrudī		اُسْرُدَا‎ usrudā			اُسْرُدْنَ‎ usrudna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سُرِدْتُ‎ suridtu	سُرِدْتَ‎ suridta	سُرِدَ surida	سُرِدْتُمَا‎ suridtumā	سُرِدَا‎ suridā	سُرِدْنَا‎ suridnā	سُرِدْتُمْ‎ suridtum	سُرِدُوا‎ suridū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	سُرِدْتُ‎ suridtu	سُرِدْتِ‎ suridti	سُرِدَتْ‎ suridat	سُرِدْتُمَا‎ suridtumā	سُرِدَتَا‎ suridatā	سُرِدْنَا‎ suridnā	سُرِدْتُنَّ‎ suridtunna	سُرِدْنَ‎ suridna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسْرَدُ‎ ʔusradu	تُسْرَدُ‎ tusradu	يُسْرَدُ‎ yusradu	تُسْرَدَانِ‎ tusradāni	يُسْرَدَانِ‎ yusradāni	نُسْرَدُ‎ nusradu	تُسْرَدُونَ‎ tusradūna	يُسْرَدُونَ‎ yusradūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُسْرَدُ‎ ʔusradu	تُسْرَدِينَ‎ tusradīna	تُسْرَدُ‎ tusradu	تُسْرَدَانِ‎ tusradāni	تُسْرَدَانِ‎ tusradāni	نُسْرَدُ‎ nusradu	تُسْرَدْنَ‎ tusradna	يُسْرَدْنَ‎ yusradna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسْرَدَ‎ ʔusrada	تُسْرَدَ‎ tusrada	يُسْرَدَ‎ yusrada	تُسْرَدَا‎ tusradā	يُسْرَدَا‎ yusradā	نُسْرَدَ‎ nusrada	تُسْرَدُوا‎ tusradū	يُسْرَدُوا‎ yusradū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُسْرَدَ‎ ʔusrada	تُسْرَدِي‎ tusradī	تُسْرَدَ‎ tusrada	تُسْرَدَا‎ tusradā	تُسْرَدَا‎ tusradā	نُسْرَدَ‎ nusrada	تُسْرَدْنَ‎ tusradna	يُسْرَدْنَ‎ yusradna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسْرَدْ‎ ʔusrad	تُسْرَدْ‎ tusrad	يُسْرَدْ‎ yusrad	تُسْرَدَا‎ tusradā	يُسْرَدَا‎ yusradā	نُسْرَدْ‎ nusrad	تُسْرَدُوا‎ tusradū	يُسْرَدُوا‎ yusradū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُسْرَدْ‎ ʔusrad	تُسْرَدِي‎ tusradī	تُسْرَدْ‎ tusrad	تُسْرَدَا‎ tusradā	تُسْرَدَا‎ tusradā	نُسْرَدْ‎ nusrad	تُسْرَدْنَ‎ tusradna	يُسْرَدْنَ‎ yusradna

Noun

سَرْد • (sard) m

verbal noun of سَرَدَ (sarada) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun سَرْد (sard)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَرْد sard	السَّرْد‎ as-sard	سَرْد sard
Nominative	سَرْدٌ sardun	السَّرْدُ‎ as-sardu	سَرْدُ sardu
Accusative	سَرْدًا‎ sardan	السَّرْدَ‎ as-sarda	سَرْدَ sarda
Genitive	سَرْدٍ sardin	السَّرْدِ‎ as-sardi	سَرْدِ sardi

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian slt' (/sard/, “cold”), from Old Persian [Term?], from Proto-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European [Term?]. Compare Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀‎ (sar^əta, “cold”) and Sanskrit शीत (śīta, “cold”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian): IPA^(key): /saɾd/

(Dari): IPA^(key): /saɾd/

(Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): /sæɾd/
(Tajik): IPA^(key): /saɾd/
audio (file)

Adjective

Iranian Persian	سرد
Dari	سرد
Tajik	сард (sard)

سرد • (sard) (comparative سردتَر‎ (sard-tar), superlative سردتَرین‎ (sard-tarin))

cold (of temperature)
- c. 1260, Rumi, “3:3239”, in The Masnavi:
  ‏دست و رو را شست او زان آب سرد.‎‎
  dast o ru-râ šost u z-ân âb-e sard.
  he washed his hands and face with that cold water.
  (Reynold A. Nicholson translation)
Antonym: گرم‎ (garm, “warm”)
(figurative) unenthusiastic, lukewarm, discouraged
Antonym: گرم‎ (garm, “warm, enthusiastic”)
(figurative) cold, bitter
‏‎ ― âh-e sard ― bitter sigh

Derived terms

آب‌سردکن‎ (âb-sard-kon)
جنگ سرد‎ (jang-e sard)
سرداب‎ (sardâb)
سردخانه‎ (sardxâne)
سردسیری‎ (sardsiri)
سردسیر‎ (sardsir)
سردی‎ (sardi)

Urdu

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit शरद् (śarad).

Noun

سرد • (sarad) f (Hindi spelling सरद)

autumn
fall (season)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Persian ‎.

Adjective

سرد • (sard) (Hindi spelling सर्द)

cold
Synonym: ٹھنڈا‎ (ṭhaṇḍā)

References

John T. Platts (accessed 07-31-2012), “A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English”, in (please provide the title of the work)‎

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