شدن

From Middle Persian [script needed] (OZLWN-tn' /šudan/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺𐎶 (š(i)yav-, “to set, go forth”), from Proto-Indo-European *kyew- (“to move, go”). Cognates include Northern Kurdish çûn (“to go”), Ossetian цӕуын (cæwyn), Pashto شول‎ (šwəl), Sanskrit च्यवते (cyávate, “move to and fro, stir”), Old Armenian չու (čʿu) and Ancient Greek σεύω (seúō, “put in quick motion, drive”). Note Old Armenian արշաւեմ (aršawem), ապաշաւ (apašaw), all borrowed from Iranian.

شُدَن • (šodan), present stem شُو‎ (šav-)

1. to become; used in a large number of intransitive compound verbs.

   ‏آب شدن‎‎ ― âb šodan ― to melt (literally, “to become water”)

   ‏بیدار شدن‎‎ ― bidâr šodan ― to wake up (literally, “to become awake”)

   ‏او پادشاه شد.‎‎ ― u pâdešâh šod. ― He became king.

2. (in passive constructions) to be

   Antonym: کردن‎ (kardan)

   ‏ساخته شد‎ ― sâxte šod ― it was built

3. (in the third person singular) to be possible; can (in contexts of permission, etc., and not inner ability)

   ‏اگر بشود‎ ― agar bešavad ― if it's possible

   ‏می‌شه منم برم؟‎‎ (colloquial Iranian) ― mi-še man-am beram? ― Can I go too?

   ‏می‌شد رفت.‎‎ ― mi-šod raft. ― It was possible to go.

   ‏می‌شد او را ببینم.‎‎ ― mi-šod u râ bebinam. ― I could see him.

4. (archaic, poetic) to go, to come to
5. (mathematics, informal) to equal; to make