صافن

Arabic

Etymology 1

From صَفَنَ‎ (ṣafana, “to stand on three legs, the foreleg up”).

Adjective

صَافِن • (ṣāfin)

standing upon three legs, with just the tip of the foreleg on the bottom or the shank of one foreleg tied up
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 38:30-31:
  
  ‏نِعْمَ الْعَبْدُ إِنَّهُ أَوَّابٌ إِذْ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْعَشِيِّ الصَّافِنَاتُ الْجِيَادُ‎
  niʕma l-ʕabdu ʔinna-hū ʔawwābun ʔiḏ ʕuriḍa ʕalay-hi bi-l-ʕašiyyi ṣ-ṣāfinātu l-jiyādu
  An excellent servant, he eschewed it with resolution when before him in the evening choice racehorses were presented.

Declension

Declension of adjective صَافِن (ṣāfin)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	صَافِن ṣāfin	الصَّافِن‎ aṣ-ṣāfin	صَافِنَة‎ ṣāfina	الصَّافِنَة‎ aṣ-ṣāfina
Nominative	صَافِنٌ ṣāfinun	الصَّافِنُ‎ aṣ-ṣāfinu	صَافِنَةٌ‎ ṣāfinatun	الصَّافِنَةُ‎ aṣ-ṣāfinatu
Accusative	صَافِنًا‎ ṣāfinan	الصَّافِنَ‎ aṣ-ṣāfina	صَافِنَةً‎ ṣāfinatan	الصَّافِنَةَ‎ aṣ-ṣāfinata
Genitive	صَافِنٍ ṣāfinin	الصَّافِنِ‎ aṣ-ṣāfini	صَافِنَةٍ‎ ṣāfinatin	الصَّافِنَةِ‎ aṣ-ṣāfinati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	صَافِنَيْن‎ ṣāfinayn	الصَّافِنَيْن‎ aṣ-ṣāfinayn	صَافِنَتَيْن‎ ṣāfinatayn	الصَّافِنَتَيْن‎ aṣ-ṣāfinatayn
Nominative	صَافِنَانِ‎ ṣāfināni	الصَّافِنَانِ‎ aṣ-ṣāfināni	صَافِنَتَانِ‎ ṣāfinatāni	الصَّافِنَتَانِ‎ aṣ-ṣāfinatāni
Accusative	صَافِنَيْنِ‎ ṣāfinayni	الصَّافِنَيْنِ‎ aṣ-ṣāfinayni	صَافِنَتَيْنِ‎ ṣāfinatayni	الصَّافِنَتَيْنِ‎ aṣ-ṣāfinatayni
Genitive	صَافِنَيْنِ‎ ṣāfinayni	الصَّافِنَيْنِ‎ aṣ-ṣāfinayni	صَافِنَتَيْنِ‎ ṣāfinatayni	الصَّافِنَتَيْنِ‎ aṣ-ṣāfinatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote‎; basic broken plural diptote		basic broken plural diptote‎; sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	صُفُون‎‎; صَوَافِن‎ ṣufūn‎; ṣawāfin	الصُّفُون‎‎; الصَّوَافِن‎ aṣ-ṣufūn‎; aṣ-ṣawāfin	صَوَافِن‎‎; صَافِنَات‎ ṣawāfin‎; ṣāfināt	الصَّوَافِن‎‎; الصَّافِنَات‎ aṣ-ṣawāfin‎; aṣ-ṣāfināt
Nominative	صُفُونٌ‎‎; صَوَافِنُ‎ ṣufūnun‎; ṣawāfinu	الصُّفُونُ‎‎; الصَّوَافِنُ‎ aṣ-ṣufūnu‎; aṣ-ṣawāfinu	صَوَافِنُ‎‎; صَافِنَاتٌ‎ ṣawāfinu‎; ṣāfinātun	الصَّوَافِنُ‎‎; الصَّافِنَاتُ‎ aṣ-ṣawāfinu‎; aṣ-ṣāfinātu
Accusative	صُفُونًا‎‎; صَوَافِنَ‎ ṣufūnan‎; ṣawāfina	الصُّفُونَ‎‎; الصَّوَافِنَ‎ aṣ-ṣufūna‎; aṣ-ṣawāfina	صَوَافِنَ‎‎; صَافِنَاتٍ‎ ṣawāfina‎; ṣāfinātin	الصَّوَافِنَ‎‎; الصَّافِنَاتِ‎ aṣ-ṣawāfina‎; aṣ-ṣāfināti
Genitive	صُفُونٍ‎‎; صَوَافِنَ‎ ṣufūnin‎; ṣawāfina	الصُّفُونِ‎‎; الصَّوَافِنِ‎ aṣ-ṣufūni‎; aṣ-ṣawāfini	صَوَافِنَ‎‎; صَافِنَاتٍ‎ ṣawāfina‎; ṣāfinātin	الصَّوَافِنِ‎‎; الصَّافِنَاتِ‎ aṣ-ṣawāfini‎; aṣ-ṣāfināti

Etymology 2

From Hebrew צֹפֵן‎ (ṣōfēn, “hiding”). Doublet of ضَامِن‎ (ḍāmin).

Noun

صَافِن • (ṣāfin) m (plural صَوَافِن‎ (ṣawāfin))

saphenous vein

Declension

Declension of noun صَافِن (ṣāfin)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَافِن ṣāfin	الصَّافِن‎ aṣ-ṣāfin	صَافِن ṣāfin
Nominative	صَافِنٌ ṣāfinun	الصَّافِنُ‎ aṣ-ṣāfinu	صَافِنُ ṣāfinu
Accusative	صَافِنًا‎ ṣāfinan	الصَّافِنَ‎ aṣ-ṣāfina	صَافِنَ ṣāfina
Genitive	صَافِنٍ ṣāfinin	الصَّافِنِ‎ aṣ-ṣāfini	صَافِنِ ṣāfini
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَافِنَيْن‎ ṣāfinayn	الصَّافِنَيْن‎ aṣ-ṣāfinayn	صَافِنَيْ‎ ṣāfinay
Nominative	صَافِنَانِ‎ ṣāfināni	الصَّافِنَانِ‎ aṣ-ṣāfināni	صَافِنَا‎ ṣāfinā
Accusative	صَافِنَيْنِ‎ ṣāfinayni	الصَّافِنَيْنِ‎ aṣ-ṣāfinayni	صَافِنَيْ‎ ṣāfinay
Genitive	صَافِنَيْنِ‎ ṣāfinayni	الصَّافِنَيْنِ‎ aṣ-ṣāfinayni	صَافِنَيْ‎ ṣāfinay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَوَافِن‎ ṣawāfin	الصَّوَافِن‎ aṣ-ṣawāfin	صَوَافِن‎ ṣawāfin
Nominative	صَوَافِنُ‎ ṣawāfinu	الصَّوَافِنُ‎ aṣ-ṣawāfinu	صَوَافِنُ‎ ṣawāfinu
Accusative	صَوَافِنَ‎ ṣawāfina	الصَّوَافِنَ‎ aṣ-ṣawāfina	صَوَافِنَ‎ ṣawāfina
Genitive	صَوَافِنَ‎ ṣawāfina	الصَّوَافِنِ‎ aṣ-ṣawāfini	صَوَافِنِ‎ ṣawāfini

Descendants

→ Medieval Latin: saphena
- → English: saphena
- → French: saphène
- → German: Saphena
- → Italian: safena
- → Portuguese: safena
- → Russian: сафе́на (saféna)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: сафена
  
  Latin: safena
- → Spanish: saphena

References

Freytag, Georg (1833), “صافن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 506
Hyrtl, Joseph (1879) Das Arabische und Hebräische in der Anatomie‎ (in German), Wien: Wilhelm Braumüller, pages 212–215
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “صافن”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 1350
Lane, Edward William (1863), “صافن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1703a

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