عرق

From the root ع ر ق‎ (ʕ-r-q). Cognate with Ge'ez ዐረቀ (ʿäräḳä, “to be naked, to be orphaned, to be childless, to be bereft”).

عَرَقَ • (ʕaraqa) I, non-past يَعْرُقُ‎‎ (yaʕruqu)

1. to strip of flesh, to nibble

عُرِقَ • (ʕuriqa) I, non-past يُعْرَقُ‎‎ (yuʕraqu)

1. to be emaciated

عَرِقَ • (ʕariqa) I, non-past يَعْرَقُ‎‎ (yaʕraqu)

1. to sweat, to perspire

From the root ع ر ق‎ (ʕ-r-q). Cognate to Ge'ez ዐረቀ (ʿärräḳä, “to strip naked”).

عَرَّقَ • (ʕarraqa) II, non-past يُعَرِّقُ‎‎ (yuʕarriqu)

1. to make sweat, to promote perspiration
2. to water down, to dilute (a drink)
3. to grow roots; to take root
4. to be deeply rooted
5. to vein, to marble

From the root ع ر ق‎ (ʕ-r-q).

عَرَق • (ʕaraq) m

1. verbal noun of عَرِقَ (ʕariqa) (form I)
2. sweat, perspiration
3. arrack (a clear raisin liquor that turns cloudy when water is added)

• Maltese: għaraq
• → Amharic: አረቂ (ʾäräḳi)
• → Azerbaijani: araq
• → Bashkir: араҡы (araqı)
• → Bikol Central: arak
• → Burmese: အရက် (a.rak)
• → Chinese: 阿剌吉 (ālàjí)
• → Daur: argw
• → English: arak, araq, arrack, rack
• → Evenki: аракӣ (arakī)
• → German: Arak
• → Georgian: არაყი (araq̇i)
• → Hebrew: ערק‎
• → Ilocano: arak
• → Italian: arrak
• → Kalmyk: әрк (ärk)
• → Kazakh: арақ (araq)
• → Korean: 아락 (arak)
• → Kumyk: гьаракъы (haraqı)
• → Limos Kalinga: alak
• → Malay: arak
  • Indonesian: arak
  • → Bikol Central: arak
  • → Chamorro: arak
  • → Ilocano: arak
  • → Limos Kalinga: alak
  • → Tagalog: alak
• → Manchu: ᠠᡵᡴᡳ (arki)
• → Classical Mongolian: ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ (ariqi)
  • Mongolian: архи (arxi)
• → Nanai: араки
• → Nivkh: арак (arak)
• → Northern Kurdish: ereq
• → Ossetian: арахъ (araq)
• → Ottoman Turkish: راقی‎ (rakı)
  • Turkish: rakı
  • → Albanian: raki
  • → Armenian: ըռախի (əṙaxi), ռախի (ṙaxi)
  • → Bulgarian: раки́я (rakíja)
  • → English: raki
  • → Finnish: raki
  • → French: raki
  • → German: Raki
  • → Greek: ρακή (rakí), ρακί (rakí)
  • → Ladino:

    Hebrew script: ראקי‎

    Latin script: raki

  • → Macedonian: ракија (rakija)
  • → Romanian: rachiu
  • → Russian: ракы (raky)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ра̀кија

    Latin script: ràkija

    → English: rakija

• → Persian: عرق‎ ('araq)
  • → Middle Armenian: արաղ (arał)
    • Armenian: արաղ (arał)
  • → Punjabi: ਅਰਕ (arak)
• → Portuguese: áraque
• → Russian: арак (arak)
• → Tagalog: alak
• → Tajik: арақ (araq)
• → Tatar: аракы (araqı)
• → Tibetan: ཨ་རག (a rag)
• → Tigre: አረቂ (ʾäräḳi)
• → Tigrinya: አረቂ (ʾäräḳi)
• → Turkmen: arak
• → Southern Altai: аракы (arakï)
• → Uyghur: ھاراق‎ (haraq)
• → Uzbek: aroq
• → Yakut: арыгы (arıgı)

From the root ع ر ق‎ (ʕ-r-q) in the sense of plants “perspiring” roots or roots being naked or stripped from earth when looked upon; or metathesis from the root ع ق ر‎ (ʕ-q-r) related to عَقَار‎ (ʕaqār, “real estate, ground, land”), compare against its Aramaic cognate עִיקָּרָא‎ / ܥܶܩܳܪܳܐ‎ (ʿiqqārā, ʿeqqārā, “root”) and Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩧𐩤‎ (ʿrq, “collarbone; lowlying land, plain, depression”).

عِرْق • (ʕirq) m (plural عُرُوق‎ (ʕurūq) or أَعْراق‎ (ʔaʕrāq))

1. plant stem, leaf stem
2. blood vessel

   Synonym: وِعَاء‎ (wiʕāʔ, “blood tube”)

   Hyponyms: شُرْيَان‎ (šuryān, “artery”), وَرِيد‎ (warīd, “vein”)

   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام‎ [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة‎ [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 33, Art. 9, page 673:

     ‏فإذا أَرَدتَ فتح عرق أو وداج فخذ المبضع بين إصبعك الإبهام والسبّابة كأخذك القلم للكتابة به وليكن نصابه في راحتك وتخرج من رأسه خارج طرفي إصبعك المذكورين قدر طول ظفر إبهامك وأقلّ من ذلك إلى قدر نصف ظفر إبهامك ثم أفتح العرق إلى فوق شقّا بليغا برفق وخفّة. وأمّا التوديج يالقضيب وهو معلوم فتركب فيه المبضع وتخرج من طرفه خارج من القضيب قدر طول ظفر إبهامك، ولا تعجل بالضرب بالمبضع حتّى تقف على العرق بعينه وخاصة الوداجين، ولا تودّج حتّى تستوثق من الدابّة بالشكل والزيار ليألُ يضطرب وتختنق الدابّة بالخناق خنقا شديدا ليدرّ العرق. فإنّ ذلك موضوع خبيث وإن جاوزت يدك ربّما أصاب المبضع عرق الماء وهو المريء الدابّة فقتله.‎‎

     If you want to open a vein or jugular, take the scalpel between your thumb and index finger, take it like you take the quill for writing with it, so that its grip is in your palm, and you turn away from its head outwith the two tips of your said fingers by a length of the nail of your thumb and less than that by a half of the nail of your thumb, then you open the vein upwards making a sufficient cut with gentleness and levity. And what concerns the cutting the jugular with the known rod, you mount the scalpel in it and you move away from the rod’s tip by the length of the nail of your thumb, but don’t hasten with hitting with the scalpel until you have discerned the vein by its eye, particularly the two jugulars, and don’t do a jugular cut until you have provided for the security of the beast by hopples and a twitch, so you do not agitate or suffocate the beast at its throat by excessive choking, so the vein flows with abundance. This part being particularly perilous, if your hand go to far then the scalpel could hit the water vein [or windpipe], that is the oesophaghus of the beast, and it would kill it.

3. hereditary disposition
4. race, stock, descent
5. (geology) erg

• Gulf Arabic: عرج‎ (ʕirj, “origin, descent”)

• Freytag, Georg (1835), “عرق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 142
• Schwally, Friedrich (1898), “Lexikalische Studien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 52, pages 140–142

عرق (definite accusative عرقی‎, plural عرقلار‎)

1. Arabic spelling of araq (“vodka”)

From Arabic عَرِقَ‎ (ʕariqa).

• IPA^(key): /ʕraq/

عرق • (ʕraq) (form I, non-past يعرق‎ (yiʕraq)) (intransitive)

1. to sweat

   ‏كنعرق فيساع فهاد الجو.‎‎

   kanaʕraq fīsāʕ f-hād el-jaww.

   I sweat quickly in this weather.

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

From Arabic عَرَّقَ‎ (ʕarraqa).

• IPA^(key): /ʕar.raq/

عرق • (ʕarraq) (form II, non-past يعرق‎ (yʕarraq)) (transitive)

1. to make sweat

From Arabic عَرَق‎ (ʕaraq).

• IPA^(key): /ʕarq/

عرق • (ʕarq) m

1. sweat

   ‏غيمرضك العرق فهاد البرد.‎‎

   ḡaymarrḍak el-ʕarq f-hād el-bard.

   The sweat will make you sick in this cold weather.

Ultimately from Arabic عَرَق‎ (ʕaraq).

عرق • ('araq)

1. sweat, perspiration

   Synonym: خوی‎ (xoy)

2. arak, araq (aniseed-flavoured distilled alcoholic drink)
3. spirit, any type of distilled alcoholic beverage

• → Middle Armenian: արաղ (arał)
  • Armenian: արաղ (arał)
• → Punjabi: ਅਰਕ (arak)

From Arabic عَرِقَ‎ (ʕariqa).

• IPA^(key): /ʕi.riʔ/, [ˈʕi.rɪʔ]

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

عرق • (ʕiriʔ) (form I, present بعرق‎ (biʕraʔ))

1. to sweat

• عرقان‎ (ʕarʔān, “sweating”)

Borrowed from Persian عرق‎ ('araq), from Arabic عَرْق‎ (ʕarq).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)ə.ɾəq/
• (Deccani) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)ə.ɾəx/

عَرَق • ('araq) m (Hindi spelling अरक़)

1. sweat, perspiration, exuded moisture
2. juice, essence
3. (figuratively) liquor

• “عرق”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “عرق”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.