عفص
Arabic
Etymology
Borrowed into Arabic from Aramaic עַפְצָא (ʿap̄ṣā) / ܥܱܦܨܳܐ (ʿap̄ṣā), absolute state עֲפֶץ (ʿap̄eṣ), itself treated as a later variant of אַפְצָא (ʾap̄ṣā) / ܐܱܦܨܳܐ (ʾap̄ṣā), absolute state אֲפֶץ (ʾap̄eṣ). The Arabic verbs are denominal, from the use of the idea of oakgalls being a powerful astringent, used in medicine and tanning. Arabic عَصَفَ (ʕaṣafa, “to hit on; to blow violently”) is metathetical to this denominal verb with its ideas of violence and after the inflation of an oakgall. Distantly related to the root ع ص ر (ʕ-ṣ-r) which also exists in Aramaic.
Noun
عَفْص • (ʕafṣ) m (collective, singulative عَفْصَة f (ʕafṣa))
- gall-nut, oak-gall
- Coordinate term: تَاكُوت (tākūt)
- gall-oak (Quercus lusitanica and other species)
Declension
Declension of noun عَفْص (ʕafṣ)
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَفْص ʕafṣ |
الْعَفْص al-ʕafṣ |
عَفْص ʕafṣ |
| Nominative | عَفْصٌ ʕafṣun |
الْعَفْصُ al-ʕafṣu |
عَفْصُ ʕafṣu |
| Accusative | عَفْصًا ʕafṣan |
الْعَفْصَ al-ʕafṣa |
عَفْصَ ʕafṣa |
| Genitive | عَفْصٍ ʕafṣin |
الْعَفْصِ al-ʕafṣi |
عَفْصِ ʕafṣi |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَفْصَة ʕafṣa |
الْعَفْصَة al-ʕafṣa |
عَفْصَة ʕafṣat |
| Nominative | عَفْصَةٌ ʕafṣatun |
الْعَفْصَةُ al-ʕafṣatu |
عَفْصَةُ ʕafṣatu |
| Accusative | عَفْصَةً ʕafṣatan |
الْعَفْصَةَ al-ʕafṣata |
عَفْصَةَ ʕafṣata |
| Genitive | عَفْصَةٍ ʕafṣatin |
الْعَفْصَةِ al-ʕafṣati |
عَفْصَةِ ʕafṣati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | عَفْصَتَيْن ʕafṣatayn |
الْعَفْصَتَيْن al-ʕafṣatayn |
عَفْصَتَيْ ʕafṣatay |
| Nominative | عَفْصَتَانِ ʕafṣatāni |
الْعَفْصَتَانِ al-ʕafṣatāni |
عَفْصَتَا ʕafṣatā |
| Accusative | عَفْصَتَيْنِ ʕafṣatayni |
الْعَفْصَتَيْنِ al-ʕafṣatayni |
عَفْصَتَيْ ʕafṣatay |
| Genitive | عَفْصَتَيْنِ ʕafṣatayni |
الْعَفْصَتَيْنِ al-ʕafṣatayni |
عَفْصَتَيْ ʕafṣatay |
| Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَفْصَات ʕafṣāt |
الْعَفْصَات al-ʕafṣāt |
عَفْصَات ʕafṣāt |
| Nominative | عَفْصَاتٌ ʕafṣātun |
الْعَفْصَاتُ al-ʕafṣātu |
عَفْصَاتُ ʕafṣātu |
| Accusative | عَفْصَاتٍ ʕafṣātin |
الْعَفْصَاتِ al-ʕafṣāti |
عَفْصَاتِ ʕafṣāti |
| Genitive | عَفْصَاتٍ ʕafṣātin |
الْعَفْصَاتِ al-ʕafṣāti |
عَفْصَاتِ ʕafṣāti |
Descendants
- → Tigre: አፈስ (ʾäfäs)
Verb
عَفَصَ • (ʕafaṣa) I, non-past يَعْفِصُ (yaʕfiṣu)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
عَفَصَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun عَفْص)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
عَفْص ʕafṣ | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
عَافِص ʕāfiṣ | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَعْفُوص maʕfūṣ | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | عَفَصْتُ ʕafaṣtu |
عَفَصْتَ ʕafaṣta |
عَفَصَ ʕafaṣa |
عَفَصْتُمَا ʕafaṣtumā |
عَفَصَا ʕafaṣā |
عَفَصْنَا ʕafaṣnā |
عَفَصْتُمْ ʕafaṣtum |
عَفَصُوا ʕafaṣū | |||
| f | عَفَصْتِ ʕafaṣti |
عَفَصَتْ ʕafaṣat |
عَفَصَتَا ʕafaṣatā |
عَفَصْتُنَّ ʕafaṣtunna |
عَفَصْنَ ʕafaṣna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَعْفِصُ ʔaʕfiṣu |
تَعْفِصُ taʕfiṣu |
يَعْفِصُ yaʕfiṣu |
تَعْفِصَانِ taʕfiṣāni |
يَعْفِصَانِ yaʕfiṣāni |
نَعْفِصُ naʕfiṣu |
تَعْفِصُونَ taʕfiṣūna |
يَعْفِصُونَ yaʕfiṣūna | |||
| f | تَعْفِصِينَ taʕfiṣīna |
تَعْفِصُ taʕfiṣu |
تَعْفِصَانِ taʕfiṣāni |
تَعْفِصْنَ taʕfiṣna |
يَعْفِصْنَ yaʕfiṣna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَعْفِصَ ʔaʕfiṣa |
تَعْفِصَ taʕfiṣa |
يَعْفِصَ yaʕfiṣa |
تَعْفِصَا taʕfiṣā |
يَعْفِصَا yaʕfiṣā |
نَعْفِصَ naʕfiṣa |
تَعْفِصُوا taʕfiṣū |
يَعْفِصُوا yaʕfiṣū | |||
| f | تَعْفِصِي taʕfiṣī |
تَعْفِصَ taʕfiṣa |
تَعْفِصَا taʕfiṣā |
تَعْفِصْنَ taʕfiṣna |
يَعْفِصْنَ yaʕfiṣna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَعْفِصْ ʔaʕfiṣ |
تَعْفِصْ taʕfiṣ |
يَعْفِصْ yaʕfiṣ |
تَعْفِصَا taʕfiṣā |
يَعْفِصَا yaʕfiṣā |
نَعْفِصْ naʕfiṣ |
تَعْفِصُوا taʕfiṣū |
يَعْفِصُوا yaʕfiṣū | |||
| f | تَعْفِصِي taʕfiṣī |
تَعْفِصْ taʕfiṣ |
تَعْفِصَا taʕfiṣā |
تَعْفِصْنَ taʕfiṣna |
يَعْفِصْنَ yaʕfiṣna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اِعْفِصْ iʕfiṣ |
اِعْفِصَا iʕfiṣā |
اِعْفِصُوا iʕfiṣū |
||||||||
| f | اِعْفِصِي iʕfiṣī |
اِعْفِصْنَ iʕfiṣna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | عُفِصْتُ ʕufiṣtu |
عُفِصْتَ ʕufiṣta |
عُفِصَ ʕufiṣa |
عُفِصْتُمَا ʕufiṣtumā |
عُفِصَا ʕufiṣā |
عُفِصْنَا ʕufiṣnā |
عُفِصْتُمْ ʕufiṣtum |
عُفِصُوا ʕufiṣū | |||
| f | عُفِصْتِ ʕufiṣti |
عُفِصَتْ ʕufiṣat |
عُفِصَتَا ʕufiṣatā |
عُفِصْتُنَّ ʕufiṣtunna |
عُفِصْنَ ʕufiṣna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُعْفَصُ ʔuʕfaṣu |
تُعْفَصُ tuʕfaṣu |
يُعْفَصُ yuʕfaṣu |
تُعْفَصَانِ tuʕfaṣāni |
يُعْفَصَانِ yuʕfaṣāni |
نُعْفَصُ nuʕfaṣu |
تُعْفَصُونَ tuʕfaṣūna |
يُعْفَصُونَ yuʕfaṣūna | |||
| f | تُعْفَصِينَ tuʕfaṣīna |
تُعْفَصُ tuʕfaṣu |
تُعْفَصَانِ tuʕfaṣāni |
تُعْفَصْنَ tuʕfaṣna |
يُعْفَصْنَ yuʕfaṣna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُعْفَصَ ʔuʕfaṣa |
تُعْفَصَ tuʕfaṣa |
يُعْفَصَ yuʕfaṣa |
تُعْفَصَا tuʕfaṣā |
يُعْفَصَا yuʕfaṣā |
نُعْفَصَ nuʕfaṣa |
تُعْفَصُوا tuʕfaṣū |
يُعْفَصُوا yuʕfaṣū | |||
| f | تُعْفَصِي tuʕfaṣī |
تُعْفَصَ tuʕfaṣa |
تُعْفَصَا tuʕfaṣā |
تُعْفَصْنَ tuʕfaṣna |
يُعْفَصْنَ yuʕfaṣna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُعْفَصْ ʔuʕfaṣ |
تُعْفَصْ tuʕfaṣ |
يُعْفَصْ yuʕfaṣ |
تُعْفَصَا tuʕfaṣā |
يُعْفَصَا yuʕfaṣā |
نُعْفَصْ nuʕfaṣ |
تُعْفَصُوا tuʕfaṣū |
يُعْفَصُوا yuʕfaṣū | |||
| f | تُعْفَصِي tuʕfaṣī |
تُعْفَصْ tuʕfaṣ |
تُعْفَصَا tuʕfaṣā |
تُعْفَصْنَ tuʕfaṣna |
يُعْفَصْنَ yuʕfaṣna | |||||||
Conjugation
Conjugation of
عَفَّصَ
(form-II sound)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَعْفِيص taʕfīṣ | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُعَفِّص muʕaffiṣ | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُعَفَّص muʕaffaṣ | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | عَفَّصْتُ ʕaffaṣtu |
عَفَّصْتَ ʕaffaṣta |
عَفَّصَ ʕaffaṣa |
عَفَّصْتُمَا ʕaffaṣtumā |
عَفَّصَا ʕaffaṣā |
عَفَّصْنَا ʕaffaṣnā |
عَفَّصْتُمْ ʕaffaṣtum |
عَفَّصُوا ʕaffaṣū | |||
| f | عَفَّصْتِ ʕaffaṣti |
عَفَّصَتْ ʕaffaṣat |
عَفَّصَتَا ʕaffaṣatā |
عَفَّصْتُنَّ ʕaffaṣtunna |
عَفَّصْنَ ʕaffaṣna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُعَفِّصُ ʔuʕaffiṣu |
تُعَفِّصُ tuʕaffiṣu |
يُعَفِّصُ yuʕaffiṣu |
تُعَفِّصَانِ tuʕaffiṣāni |
يُعَفِّصَانِ yuʕaffiṣāni |
نُعَفِّصُ nuʕaffiṣu |
تُعَفِّصُونَ tuʕaffiṣūna |
يُعَفِّصُونَ yuʕaffiṣūna | |||
| f | تُعَفِّصِينَ tuʕaffiṣīna |
تُعَفِّصُ tuʕaffiṣu |
تُعَفِّصَانِ tuʕaffiṣāni |
تُعَفِّصْنَ tuʕaffiṣna |
يُعَفِّصْنَ yuʕaffiṣna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُعَفِّصَ ʔuʕaffiṣa |
تُعَفِّصَ tuʕaffiṣa |
يُعَفِّصَ yuʕaffiṣa |
تُعَفِّصَا tuʕaffiṣā |
يُعَفِّصَا yuʕaffiṣā |
نُعَفِّصَ nuʕaffiṣa |
تُعَفِّصُوا tuʕaffiṣū |
يُعَفِّصُوا yuʕaffiṣū | |||
| f | تُعَفِّصِي tuʕaffiṣī |
تُعَفِّصَ tuʕaffiṣa |
تُعَفِّصَا tuʕaffiṣā |
تُعَفِّصْنَ tuʕaffiṣna |
يُعَفِّصْنَ yuʕaffiṣna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُعَفِّصْ ʔuʕaffiṣ |
تُعَفِّصْ tuʕaffiṣ |
يُعَفِّصْ yuʕaffiṣ |
تُعَفِّصَا tuʕaffiṣā |
يُعَفِّصَا yuʕaffiṣā |
نُعَفِّصْ nuʕaffiṣ |
تُعَفِّصُوا tuʕaffiṣū |
يُعَفِّصُوا yuʕaffiṣū | |||
| f | تُعَفِّصِي tuʕaffiṣī |
تُعَفِّصْ tuʕaffiṣ |
تُعَفِّصَا tuʕaffiṣā |
تُعَفِّصْنَ tuʕaffiṣna |
يُعَفِّصْنَ yuʕaffiṣna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | عَفِّصْ ʕaffiṣ |
عَفِّصَا ʕaffiṣā |
عَفِّصُوا ʕaffiṣū |
||||||||
| f | عَفِّصِي ʕaffiṣī |
عَفِّصْنَ ʕaffiṣna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | عُفِّصْتُ ʕuffiṣtu |
عُفِّصْتَ ʕuffiṣta |
عُفِّصَ ʕuffiṣa |
عُفِّصْتُمَا ʕuffiṣtumā |
عُفِّصَا ʕuffiṣā |
عُفِّصْنَا ʕuffiṣnā |
عُفِّصْتُمْ ʕuffiṣtum |
عُفِّصُوا ʕuffiṣū | |||
| f | عُفِّصْتِ ʕuffiṣti |
عُفِّصَتْ ʕuffiṣat |
عُفِّصَتَا ʕuffiṣatā |
عُفِّصْتُنَّ ʕuffiṣtunna |
عُفِّصْنَ ʕuffiṣna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُعَفَّصُ ʔuʕaffaṣu |
تُعَفَّصُ tuʕaffaṣu |
يُعَفَّصُ yuʕaffaṣu |
تُعَفَّصَانِ tuʕaffaṣāni |
يُعَفَّصَانِ yuʕaffaṣāni |
نُعَفَّصُ nuʕaffaṣu |
تُعَفَّصُونَ tuʕaffaṣūna |
يُعَفَّصُونَ yuʕaffaṣūna | |||
| f | تُعَفَّصِينَ tuʕaffaṣīna |
تُعَفَّصُ tuʕaffaṣu |
تُعَفَّصَانِ tuʕaffaṣāni |
تُعَفَّصْنَ tuʕaffaṣna |
يُعَفَّصْنَ yuʕaffaṣna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُعَفَّصَ ʔuʕaffaṣa |
تُعَفَّصَ tuʕaffaṣa |
يُعَفَّصَ yuʕaffaṣa |
تُعَفَّصَا tuʕaffaṣā |
يُعَفَّصَا yuʕaffaṣā |
نُعَفَّصَ nuʕaffaṣa |
تُعَفَّصُوا tuʕaffaṣū |
يُعَفَّصُوا yuʕaffaṣū | |||
| f | تُعَفَّصِي tuʕaffaṣī |
تُعَفَّصَ tuʕaffaṣa |
تُعَفَّصَا tuʕaffaṣā |
تُعَفَّصْنَ tuʕaffaṣna |
يُعَفَّصْنَ yuʕaffaṣna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُعَفَّصْ ʔuʕaffaṣ |
تُعَفَّصْ tuʕaffaṣ |
يُعَفَّصْ yuʕaffaṣ |
تُعَفَّصَا tuʕaffaṣā |
يُعَفَّصَا yuʕaffaṣā |
نُعَفَّصْ nuʕaffaṣ |
تُعَفَّصُوا tuʕaffaṣū |
يُعَفَّصُوا yuʕaffaṣū | |||
| f | تُعَفَّصِي tuʕaffaṣī |
تُعَفَّصْ tuʕaffaṣ |
تُعَفَّصَا tuʕaffaṣā |
تُعَفَّصْنَ tuʕaffaṣna |
يُعَفَّصْنَ yuʕaffaṣna | |||||||
Declension
Declension of adjective عَفِص (ʕafiṣ)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | عَفِص ʕafiṣ |
الْعَفِص al-ʕafiṣ |
عَفِصَة ʕafiṣa |
الْعَفِصَة al-ʕafiṣa |
| Nominative | عَفِصٌ ʕafiṣun |
الْعَفِصُ al-ʕafiṣu |
عَفِصَةٌ ʕafiṣatun |
الْعَفِصَةُ al-ʕafiṣatu |
| Accusative | عَفِصًا ʕafiṣan |
الْعَفِصَ al-ʕafiṣa |
عَفِصَةً ʕafiṣatan |
الْعَفِصَةَ al-ʕafiṣata |
| Genitive | عَفِصٍ ʕafiṣin |
الْعَفِصِ al-ʕafiṣi |
عَفِصَةٍ ʕafiṣatin |
الْعَفِصَةِ al-ʕafiṣati |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | عَفِصَيْن ʕafiṣayn |
الْعَفِصَيْن al-ʕafiṣayn |
عَفِصَتَيْن ʕafiṣatayn |
الْعَفِصَتَيْن al-ʕafiṣatayn |
| Nominative | عَفِصَانِ ʕafiṣāni |
الْعَفِصَانِ al-ʕafiṣāni |
عَفِصَتَانِ ʕafiṣatāni |
الْعَفِصَتَانِ al-ʕafiṣatāni |
| Accusative | عَفِصَيْنِ ʕafiṣayni |
الْعَفِصَيْنِ al-ʕafiṣayni |
عَفِصَتَيْنِ ʕafiṣatayni |
الْعَفِصَتَيْنِ al-ʕafiṣatayni |
| Genitive | عَفِصَيْنِ ʕafiṣayni |
الْعَفِصَيْنِ al-ʕafiṣayni |
عَفِصَتَيْنِ ʕafiṣatayni |
الْعَفِصَتَيْنِ al-ʕafiṣatayni |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| plural unknown | sound feminine plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | ? ? |
? ? |
عَفِصَات ʕafiṣāt |
الْعَفِصَات al-ʕafiṣāt |
| Nominative | ? ? |
? ? |
عَفِصَاتٌ ʕafiṣātun |
الْعَفِصَاتُ al-ʕafiṣātu |
| Accusative | ? ? |
? ? |
عَفِصَاتٍ ʕafiṣātin |
الْعَفِصَاتِ al-ʕafiṣāti |
| Genitive | ? ? |
? ? |
عَفِصَاتٍ ʕafiṣātin |
الْعَفِصَاتِ al-ʕafiṣāti |
References
- Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, page 876
- Freytag, Georg (1835), “عفص”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 185a–b
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “عفص”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 299b–300a
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “عفص”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 731a
Hijazi Arabic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕafːasˤ/
Verb
عفص • (ʿaffaṣ) (form II, non-past يِعَفِّص (yiʿaffiṣ))
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