पुस्तक
Hindi
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈpʊst̪ək]
Noun
पुस्तक • (pustak) f (Urdu spelling پستک)
- book, manuscript, volume
- पुस्तकें यहाँ बिकती हैं। ― pustakẽ yahā̃ biktī ha͠i. ― Books are sold here.
Declension
Synonyms
- किताब (kitāb)
Derived terms
- पुस्तकालय (pustakālay)
- पाठ्यपुस्तक (pāṭhyapustak)
Maithili
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pʊstək]
Synonyms
- किताप (kitāp)
Derived terms
- पुस्तकालय (pustakālay)
Marathi
एक पुस्तक
Etymology
| नपुसकलिंग (napusakliṅga): पुस्तक n (pustak) |
| स्त्रीलिंग (strīliṅga): पुस्तिका f (pustikā) |
From Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka). Cognate with Gujarati પુસ્તક (pustak), Hindi पुस्तक (pustak), Konkani पुस्तक (pustak), Nepali पुस्तक (pustak).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pus.t̪ək/
Noun
पुस्तक • (pustak) n
- book
- मला हे पुस्तक खूप आवडले.
- malā he pustak khūp āvaḍle.
- I really liked this book.
Declension
| Declension of पुस्तक (pustak) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
पुस्तक pustak | ||
| direct plural |
पुस्तके, पुस्तकं pustake, pustaka | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | पुस्तक pustak |
पुस्तके, पुस्तकं pustake, pustaka | |
| oblique | पुस्तका- pustakā- |
पुस्तकां- pustakāN- | |
| dative | पुस्तकाला pustakālā |
पुस्तकांना pustakāNnā | |
| ergative | पुस्तकाने pustakāne |
पुस्तकांनी pustakāNni | |
| instrumental | पुस्तकाशी pustakāśi |
पुस्तकांशी pustakāNśi | |
| locative | पुस्तकात pustakāt |
पुस्तकांत pustakāNt | |
| vocative | पुस्तका pustakā |
पुस्तकांनो pustakāNno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Dative Note: -स (-sa) is archaic. -ते (-te) is limited to literary usage. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of पुस्तक | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object | feminine object | neuter object | oblique | |||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular* | plural | |||
| singular subject | पुस्तकाचा pustakāċā |
पुस्तकाचे pustakāce |
पुस्तकाची pustakāci |
पुस्तकाच्या pustakāca |
पुस्तकाचे, पुस्तकाचं pustakāce, pustakāċa |
पुस्तकाची pustakāci |
पुस्तकाच्या pustakāca | |
| plural subject | पुस्तकांचा pustakāNċā |
पुस्तकांचे pustakāNce |
पुस्तकांची pustakāNci |
पुस्तकांच्या pustakāNca |
पुस्तकांचे, पुस्तकांचं pustakāNce, pustakāNċa |
पुस्तकांची pustakāNci |
पुस्तकांच्या pustakāNca | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- पाठ्यपुस्तक (pāṭhyapustak, “textbook”)
- पुस्तक-विक्री केंद्र (pustak-vikrī kendra, “book stall”)
- पुस्तकालय (pustakālay, “book stall”)
See also
- ग्रंथालय (granthālay, “library”)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine, “पुस्तक”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “पुस्तक”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911), “पुस्तक”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
Nepali
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pust̪ʌk]
- Phonetic Devanagari: पुस्तक्
Derived terms
- पुस्तकालय [pustakālaya]
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬧᬸᬲ᭄ᬢᬓ (Balinese script)
- পুস্তক (Assamese script)
- পুস্তক (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰲𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀓 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌪𑍁𑌸𑍍𑌤𑌕 (Grantha script)
- પુસ્તક (Gujarati script)
- ਪੁਸੑਤਕ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦥꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ (Javanese script)
- បុស្តក (Khmer script)
- ಪುಸ್ತಕ (Kannada script)
- ປຸສ຺ຕກ (Lao script)
- പുസ്തക (Malayalam script)
- 𑘢𑘳𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘎 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠤᠰᢐᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
- ᢒᡠᠰ᠌ᢠᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
- ပုသ္တက (Burmese script)
- 𑧂𑧔𑧍𑧠𑦽𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐸𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐎 (Newa script)
- ପୁସ୍ତକ (Oriya script)
- ꢦꢸꢱ꣄ꢡꢒ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆶𑆱𑇀𑆠𑆑 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖲𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖎 (Siddham script)
- පුස්තක (Sinhalese script)
- పుస్తక (Telugu script)
- ปุสฺตก (Thai script)
- པུ་སྟ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒳𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pōstaka, *pustaka. Compare Sogdian 𐼔𐼇𐼑𐼚𐼀𐼋 (pwstʾk /pōstē/, “book, document, sutra”), Manichaean Parthian 𐫛𐫇𐫘𐫤𐫃 (pwstg /pōstag/, “book, pergament”) and Persian پوست (pust, “skin, hide”) (from *pōst, from Old Persian 𐎱𐎺𐎿𐎫𐎠 (pavastā); related to पवस्त (pavasta)).
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of पुस्तक (pustaka) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | पुस्तकम् pustakam |
पुस्तके pustake |
पुस्तकानि / पुस्तका¹ pustakāni / pustakā¹ |
| Vocative | पुस्तक pustaka |
पुस्तके pustake |
पुस्तकानि / पुस्तका¹ pustakāni / pustakā¹ |
| Accusative | पुस्तकम् pustakam |
पुस्तके pustake |
पुस्तकानि / पुस्तका¹ pustakāni / pustakā¹ |
| Instrumental | पुस्तकेन pustakena |
पुस्तकाभ्याम् pustakābhyām |
पुस्तकैः / पुस्तकेभिः¹ pustakaiḥ / pustakebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | पुस्तकाय pustakāya |
पुस्तकाभ्याम् pustakābhyām |
पुस्तकेभ्यः pustakebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | पुस्तकात् pustakāt |
पुस्तकाभ्याम् pustakābhyām |
पुस्तकेभ्यः pustakebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | पुस्तकस्य pustakasya |
पुस्तकयोः pustakayoḥ |
पुस्तकानाम् pustakānām |
| Locative | पुस्तके pustake |
पुस्तकयोः pustakayoḥ |
पुस्तकेषु pustakeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
Descendants
- Assamese: পুথি (puthi)
- Bengali: পুথি (puthi), পুঁথি (pũthi)
- → Bengali: পুস্তক (pustok)
- Bhojpuri: पोथी (pōthī)
- Dhivehi: ފޮތް (fot̊)
- → Gujarati: પુસ્તક (pustak)
- → Hindi: पुस्तक (pustak)
- Kashmiri: پوٗتھِ (pūthi), पूथि (pūthi)
- Kumaoni: पोथी
- → Kannada: ಪುಸ್ತಕ (pustaka)
- → Maithili: पुस्तक (pustak), पोथी (pothī)
- → Malay: pustaka
- Indonesian: pustaka
- → Malayalam: പുസ്തകം (pustakaṃ)
- → Marathi: पुस्तक (pustak)
- → Nepali: पुस्तक (pustak)
- Niya Prakrit: 𐨤𐨆𐨠𐨁 (pothi, “document”)
- Oriya: [script needed] (pothā), [script needed] (pothi), [script needed] (puthi), ପୋଥା (potha)
- Pali: potthaka
- Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (puttha), 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬 (putthaya), 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀬𑀸 (putthiyā)
- → Punjabi: ਪੁਸਤਕ (pustak), پستک (pustak)
- Rajasthani: पोथी (pothī)
- Sindhi: [script needed] (pothu), [script needed] (pothī)
- Sinhalese: පොත (pota)
- Sylheti: ꠙꠥꠕꠤ (futí)
- → Tamil: புத்தகம் (puttakam)
- → Telugu: పుస్తకం (pustakaṁ)
- → Tibetan: པོ་ཏི (po ti), པུ་ཏི (pu ti), པོད (pod), པུས་ཏི (pus ti), པུས་ཏི་ཀ (pus ti ka)
- → Urdu: پستک (pustak)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “पुस्तक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0640.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “pōstaka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 478
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 331—332
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