मूल
Hindi
Etymology
From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (mūla), from Sanskrit मूल (mūla). Cognate with Gujarati મૂળ (mūḷ) and Bengali মূল (mul).
Adjective
मूल • (mūl) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling مول)
- original, basic, fundamental
- native, indigenous
- ancient, continually existent
Synonyms
- (original, basic): मूलभूत (mūlbhūt)
Declension
Declension of मूल (masc cons-stem)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | मूल mūl |
मूल mūl |
| oblique | मूल mūl |
मूलों mūlõ |
| vocative | मूल mūl |
मूलो mūlo |
Related terms
- मूलाधार (mūlādhār)
Kashmiri
Noun
मूल • (mūl) m (Perso-Arabic موٗل)
- root (of a plant, etc.)
- origin, basis, provenance
- (linguistics) root, stem
Marathi
Etymology
| नपुसकलिंग (napusakliṅga): मूल n (mūl) |
| पुल्लिंग (pulliṅga): मुलगा m (mulgā) |
| स्त्रीलिंग (strīliṅga): मुलगी f (mulgī) |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mul/, [muːl]
Noun
मूल • (mūl) n
Usage notes
While the neuter word मूल (mūl) is often used interchangeably with the words मुलगा (mulgā) and मुलगी (mulgī), the word मूल (mūl) should be discriminated from the words मुलगा (mulgā) and मुलगी (mulgī).
Declension
| Declension of मूल (mūl) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
मूल mūl | ||
| direct plural |
मुले, मुलं mule, mula | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | मूल mūl |
मुले, मुलं mule, mula | |
| oblique | मुला- mulā- |
मुलां- mulāN- | |
| dative | मुलाला mulālā |
मुलांना mulāNnā | |
| ergative | मुलाने mulāne |
मुलांनी mulāNni | |
| instrumental | मुलाशी mulāśi |
मुलांशी mulāNśi | |
| locative | मुलात mulāt |
मुलांत mulāNt | |
| vocative | मुला mulā |
मुलांनो mulāNno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Dative Note: -स (-sa) is archaic. -ते (-te) is limited to literary usage. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of मूल | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object | feminine object | neuter object | oblique | |||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular* | plural | |||
| singular subject | मुलाचा mulāċā |
मुलाचे mulāce |
मुलाची mulāci |
मुलाच्या mulāca |
मुलाचे, मुलाचं mulāce, mulāċa |
मुलाची mulāci |
मुलाच्या mulāca | |
| plural subject | मुलांचा mulāNċā |
मुलांचे mulāNce |
मुलांची mulāNci |
मुलांच्या mulāNca |
मुलांचे, मुलांचं mulāNce, mulāNċa |
मुलांची mulāNci |
मुलांच्या mulāNca | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “मूल”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Nepali
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mul]
- Phonetic Devanagari: मुल्
Pali
Alternative forms
Declension
Declension table of "मूल" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | मूलं (mūlaṃ) | मूलानि (mūlāni) |
| Accusative (second) | मूलं (mūlaṃ) | मूलानि (mūlāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | मूलेन (mūlena) | मूलेहि (mūlehi) or मूलेभि (mūlebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | मूलस्स (mūlassa) or मूलाय (mūlāya) or मूलत्थं (mūlatthaṃ) | मूलानं (mūlānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | मूलस्मा (mūlasmā) or मूलम्हा (mūlamhā) or मूला (mūlā) | मूलेहि (mūlehi) or मूलेभि (mūlebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | मूलस्स (mūlassa) | मूलानं (mūlānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | मूलस्मिं (mūlasmiṃ) or मूलम्हि (mūlamhi) or मूले (mūle) | मूलेसु (mūlesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | मूल (mūla) | मूलानि (mūlāni) |
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ᬫᬹᬮ (Balinese script)
- মূল (Assamese script)
- মূল (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰳𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌮𑍂𑌲 (Grantha script)
- મૂલ (Gujarati script)
- ਮੂਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦩꦹꦭ (Javanese script)
- មូល (Khmer script)
- ಮೂಲ (Kannada script)
- ມູລ (Lao script)
- മൂല (Malayalam script)
- 𑘦𑘴𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠤᠤᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᠮᡠᡠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- မူလ (Burmese script)
- 𑧆𑧕𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐹𑐮 (Newa script)
- ମୂଲ (Oriya script)
- ꢪꢹꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆷𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖳𑖩 (Siddham script)
- මූල (Sinhalese script)
- మూల (Telugu script)
- มูล (Thai script)
- མཱུ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒴𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
Possibly from a Proto-Dravidian word corresponding with modern Tamil முளா (muḷā) or முள்ளங்கி (muḷḷaṅki), although the direction of borrowing is unclear. Sometimes, also compared to Ancient Greek μῶλυ (môlu).
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of मूल (mū́la) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | मूलम् mū́lam |
मूले mū́le |
मूलानि / मूला¹ mū́lāni / mū́lā¹ |
| Vocative | मूल mū́la |
मूले mū́le |
मूलानि / मूला¹ mū́lāni / mū́lā¹ |
| Accusative | मूलम् mū́lam |
मूले mū́le |
मूलानि / मूला¹ mū́lāni / mū́lā¹ |
| Instrumental | मूलेन mū́lena |
मूलाभ्याम् mū́lābhyām |
मूलैः / मूलेभिः¹ mū́laiḥ / mū́lebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | मूलाय mū́lāya |
मूलाभ्याम् mū́lābhyām |
मूलेभ्यः mū́lebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | मूलात् mū́lāt |
मूलाभ्याम् mū́lābhyām |
मूलेभ्यः mū́lebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | मूलस्य mū́lasya |
मूलयोः mū́layoḥ |
मूलानाम् mū́lānām |
| Locative | मूले mū́le |
मूलयोः mū́layoḥ |
मूलेषु mū́leṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
- मूलक (mūlaka)
- मूल्य (mūlya)
- मौल (maula)
- मूलाधार (mūlādhāra)
- उन्मूलयति (unmūlayati)
- जिह्वामूलीय (jihvā́mūlīya)
- दन्तमूलीय (dántamūlīya)
Descendants
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “मूल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 826.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “mūˊla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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