विष

See also: वृष

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विष (viṣá).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʋɪʂ/, [ʋɪʃ]

Noun

विष • (viṣ) m (Urdu spelling وش‎)

poison, venom
मनुष्य के लिए, संखिया प्राण-घातक विष है।
manuṣya ke lie, saṅkhiyā prāṇ-ghātak viṣ hai.
For humans, arsenic is a deadly poison.

छुआछूत हमारा समाज का विष है।
chuāchūt hamārā samāj kā viṣ hai.
Untouchability is a poison of our society.

Declension

Declension of विष (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	विष viṣ	विष viṣ
oblique	विष viṣ	विषों viṣõ
vocative	विष viṣ	विषो viṣo

Synonyms

ज़हर (zahar), बिस (bis), गरल (garal)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989), “विष”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Platts, John T. (1884), “विष”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विष (viṣa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʋiʂ/, [ʋiːʂ]

Noun

विष • (viṣ) n

poison, venom

Declension

Declension of विष (viṣ)
direct singular	विष viṣ
direct plural	विषे, विषं viṣe, viṣa
	singular	plural
nominative	विष viṣ	विषे, विषं viṣe, viṣa
oblique	विषा- viṣā-	विषां- viṣāN-
dative	विषाला viṣālā	विषांना viṣāNnā
ergative	विषाने viṣāne	विषांनी viṣāNni
instrumental	विषाशी viṣāśi	विषांशी viṣāNśi
locative	विषात viṣāt	विषांत viṣāNt
vocative	विषा viṣā	विषांनो viṣāNno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Dative Note: -स (-sa) is archaic. -ते (-te) is limited to literary usage. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of विष
	masculine object		feminine object		neuter object		oblique
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular^*	plural
singular subject	विषाचा viṣāċā	विषाचे viṣāce	विषाची viṣāci	विषाच्या viṣāca	विषाचे, विषाचं viṣāce, viṣāċa	विषाची viṣāci	विषाच्या viṣāca
plural subject	विषांचा viṣāNċā	विषांचे viṣāNce	विषांची viṣāNci	विषांच्या viṣāNca	विषांचे, विषांचं viṣāNce, viṣāNċa	विषांची viṣāNci	विषांच्या viṣāNca
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

विषबाधा (viṣbādhā, “poisoning”)
विषाणू (viṣāṇū, “virus”)
विषारी (viṣārī, “toxic”)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

ᬯᬶᬱ (Balinese script)
ৱিষ (Assamese script)
বিষ (Bengali script)
𑰪𑰰𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀯𑀺𑀱 (Brahmi script)
𑌵𑌿𑌷 (Grantha script)
વિષ (Gujarati script)
ਵਿਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦮꦶꦰ (Javanese script)
វិឞ (Khmer script)
ವಿಷ (Kannada script)
ວິຩ (Lao script)
വിഷ (Malayalam script)
𑘪𑘱𑘬 (Modi script)
ᠸᢈᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
ᠸᡳᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
ဝိၑ (Burmese script)
𑧊𑧒𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
𑐰𑐶𑐲 (Newa script)
ଵିଷ (Oriya script)
ꢮꢶꢰ (Saurashtra script)
𑆮𑆴𑆰 (Sharada script)
𑖪𑖰𑖬 (Siddham script)
විෂ (Sinhalese script)
విష (Telugu script)
วิษ (Thai script)
ཝི་ཥ (Tibetan script)
𑒫𑒱𑒭 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wiṣás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wišás, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison”). Cognate with Latin vīrus, Ancient Greek ἰός (iós), Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬱𐬀‎ (vīša), Tocharian B wase, Middle Persian 𐭥(𐭩)𐭱‎ (ʿ(y)š /wiš/, “poison”), Middle Irish fí.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋi.ʂɐ́/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈʋi.ʂɐ/

Noun

विष • (viṣá) n or m

poison, venom, bane
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of विष (viṣá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	विषम् viṣám	विषे viṣé	विषाणि / विषा¹ viṣā́ṇi / viṣā́¹
Vocative	विष víṣa	विषे víṣe	विषाणि / विषा¹ víṣāṇi / víṣā¹
Accusative	विषम् viṣám	विषे viṣé	विषाणि / विषा¹ viṣā́ṇi / viṣā́¹
Instrumental	विषेण viṣéṇa	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषैः / विषेभिः¹ viṣaíḥ / viṣébhiḥ¹
Dative	विषाय viṣā́ya	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषेभ्यः viṣébhyaḥ
Ablative	विषात् viṣā́t	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषेभ्यः viṣébhyaḥ
Genitive	विषस्य viṣásya	विषयोः viṣáyoḥ	विषाणाम् viṣā́ṇām
Locative	विषे viṣé	विषयोः viṣáyoḥ	विषेषु viṣéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Masculine a-stem declension of विष (viṣá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	विषः viṣáḥ	विषौ viṣaú	विषाः / विषासः¹ viṣā́ḥ / viṣā́saḥ¹
Vocative	विष víṣa	विषौ víṣau	विषाः / विषासः¹ víṣāḥ / víṣāsaḥ¹
Accusative	विषम् viṣám	विषौ viṣaú	विषान् viṣā́n
Instrumental	विषेण viṣéṇa	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषैः / विषेभिः¹ viṣaíḥ / viṣébhiḥ¹
Dative	विषाय viṣā́ya	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषेभ्यः viṣébhyaḥ
Ablative	विषात् viṣā́t	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषेभ्यः viṣébhyaḥ
Genitive	विषस्य viṣásya	विषयोः viṣáyoḥ	विषाणाम् viṣā́ṇām
Locative	विषे viṣé	विषयोः viṣáyoḥ	विषेषु viṣéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kalasha: biṣ
Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਵਿਹ (vih), Punjabi: ਵਿਸ (vis)
Pali: visa
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀲 (visa)
- Hindi: बिस (bis)
→ Hindi: विष (viṣ)
→ Kannada: ವಿಷ (viṣa)
→ Khmer: ពិស (pɨh)
→ Malay: bisa
- → Indonesian: bisa
→ Marathi: विष (viṣ)
→ Rajasthani: विख (vikh)
→ Tamil: விடம் (viṭam), விஷம் (viṣam), விசம் (vicam)
→ Telugu: విషము (viṣamu)
→ Thai: พิษ (pít)

Adjective

विष • (viṣá)

poisonous
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of विष (viṣá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	विषः viṣáḥ	विषौ viṣaú	विषाः / विषासः¹ viṣā́ḥ / viṣā́saḥ¹
Vocative	विष víṣa	विषौ víṣau	विषाः / विषासः¹ víṣāḥ / víṣāsaḥ¹
Accusative	विषम् viṣám	विषौ viṣaú	विषान् viṣā́n
Instrumental	विषेण viṣéṇa	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषैः / विषेभिः¹ viṣaíḥ / viṣébhiḥ¹
Dative	विषाय viṣā́ya	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषेभ्यः viṣébhyaḥ
Ablative	विषात् viṣā́t	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषेभ्यः viṣébhyaḥ
Genitive	विषस्य viṣásya	विषयोः viṣáyoḥ	विषाणाम् viṣā́ṇām
Locative	विषे viṣé	विषयोः viṣáyoḥ	विषेषु viṣéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of विषा (viṣā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	विषा viṣā́	विषे viṣé	विषाः viṣā́ḥ
Vocative	विषे víṣe	विषे víṣe	विषाः víṣāḥ
Accusative	विषाम् viṣā́m	विषे viṣé	विषाः viṣā́ḥ
Instrumental	विषया / विषा¹ viṣáyā / viṣā́¹	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषाभिः viṣā́bhiḥ
Dative	विषायै viṣā́yai	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषाभ्यः viṣā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	विषायाः viṣā́yāḥ	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषाभ्यः viṣā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	विषायाः viṣā́yāḥ	विषयोः viṣáyoḥ	विषाणाम् viṣā́ṇām
Locative	विषायाम् viṣā́yām	विषयोः viṣáyoḥ	विषासु viṣā́su
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of विष (viṣá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	विषम् viṣám	विषे viṣé	विषाणि / विषा¹ viṣā́ṇi / viṣā́¹
Vocative	विष víṣa	विषे víṣe	विषाणि / विषा¹ víṣāṇi / víṣā¹
Accusative	विषम् viṣám	विषे viṣé	विषाणि / विषा¹ viṣā́ṇi / viṣā́¹
Instrumental	विषेण viṣéṇa	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषैः / विषेभिः¹ viṣaíḥ / viṣébhiḥ¹
Dative	विषाय viṣā́ya	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषेभ्यः viṣébhyaḥ
Ablative	विषात् viṣā́t	विषाभ्याम् viṣā́bhyām	विषेभ्यः viṣébhyaḥ
Genitive	विषस्य viṣásya	विषयोः viṣáyoḥ	विषाणाम् viṣā́ṇām
Locative	विषे viṣé	विषयोः viṣáyoḥ	विषेषु viṣéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋí.ʂɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈʋi.ʂɐ/

Noun

विष • (víṣa) m

servant, attendant
name of a साध्य (sādhya)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of विष (víṣa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	विषः víṣaḥ	विषौ víṣau	विषाः / विषासः¹ víṣāḥ / víṣāsaḥ¹
Vocative	विष víṣa	विषौ víṣau	विषाः / विषासः¹ víṣāḥ / víṣāsaḥ¹
Accusative	विषम् víṣam	विषौ víṣau	विषान् víṣān
Instrumental	विषेण víṣeṇa	विषाभ्याम् víṣābhyām	विषैः / विषेभिः¹ víṣaiḥ / víṣebhiḥ¹
Dative	विषाय víṣāya	विषाभ्याम् víṣābhyām	विषेभ्यः víṣebhyaḥ
Ablative	विषात् víṣāt	विषाभ्याम् víṣābhyām	विषेभ्यः víṣebhyaḥ
Genitive	विषस्य víṣasya	विषयोः víṣayoḥ	विषाणाम् víṣāṇām
Locative	विषे víṣe	विषयोः víṣayoḥ	विषेषु víṣeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

Monier Williams (1899), “विष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0995.

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