ਕਉੜਾ

Old Punjabi

Alternative forms
  • ਕਊਰਾ (kaūrā), ਕਵਰਾ (kavrā), ਕੜੂਆ (kaṛūā)

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua), from Sanskrit कटुक (káṭuka) (कटु (kaṭú) with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-)). Cognate with Old Hindi करवा (karavā), Old Gujarati कडूउ (kaḍūu), Old Marathi 𑘎𑘚𑘳 (kaḍu).

Adjective

ਕਉੜਾ (kauṛā)

  1. bitter

Descendants
  • Punjabi: kauṛā
    Gurmukhi: ਕੌੜਾ
    Shahmukhi: کَوڑا‎

Further reading
  • Christopher Shackle (2011) A Gurū Nānak Glossary, 2nd edition, New Delhi: Heritage Publishers, →ISBN, page 67.
  • “ਕਉੜਾ”, in Sri Guru Granth Sahib Dictionary, SriGranth.org, 2021.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “káṭuka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 132
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