乾杯

See also: 干杯

Chinese

Chinese phrasebook

This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

		to dry	cup
trad. (乾杯)		乾	杯
simp. (干杯)		干	杯

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gānbēi

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢㄅㄟ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gon¹ bui¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kôn-pî

(Meixian, Guangdong): gon¹ bi¹
Jin (Wiktionary): gan¹ bei¹
Min Nan (POJ): kan-poe
Wu (Wiktionary): ¹koe-pe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gānbēi
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢㄅㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ganbei
  - Wade–Giles: kan¹-pei¹
  - Yale: gān-bēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganbei
  - Palladius: ганьбэй (ganʹbɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gon¹ bui¹
  - Yale: gōn būi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gon¹ bui¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gon¹ bui¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːn⁵⁵ puːi̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôn-pî
  - Hakka Romanization System: gon´ bi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gon¹ bi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kon²⁴⁻¹¹ pi²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gon¹ bi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kɔn⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: gan¹ bei¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kæ̃¹¹ pei¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-poe
  - Tâi-lô: kan-pue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kanpoef
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² pue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ pue³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² pue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kan⁴⁴⁻³³ pue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴⁻³³ pue⁴⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ¹koe-pe
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kø⁵⁵ pe̞²¹/

Verb

乾杯

to toast; to drink a toast

Interjection

乾杯

(colloquial) cheers!; bottoms up!

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 乾杯 (“cheers!”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		乾杯
Mandarin	Beijing	乾杯
	Taiwan	乾杯
	Harbin	乾杯
	Yantai (Muping)	乾杯
	Jinan	乾杯
	Luoyang	乾杯
	Wanrong	乾杯
	Yinchuan	喝淨, 乾杯
	Lanzhou	乾杯, 乾了
	Xining	乾杯, 乾杯子
	Ürümqi	乾杯
	Wuhan	乾杯
	Chengdu	乾杯, 乾了
	Guiyang	乾了, 喝乾, 見底
	Liuzhou	乾杯
	Xuzhou	乾了, 見底兒, 乾杯
	Nanjing	乾杯
	Singapore	乾杯
Cantonese	Guangzhou	飲杯, 飲勝, 乾杯
	Hong Kong	飲杯, 飲勝, 乾杯
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	飲勝
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	乾杯
	Macau	飲勝
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	乾杯, 飲勝
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	飲勝
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	乾杯, 飲勝
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	飲勝
	Foshan	飲勝
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	乾杯, 飲勝
	Foshan (Shunde)	飲勝
	Foshan (Sanshui)	飲勝
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	飲勝
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	飲勝
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	飲勝
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	飲贏佢
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	飲勝
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	飲勝
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	飲嗮佢
	Taishan	飲嗮佢, 飲勝
	Kaiping (Chikan)	飲應佢
	Enping (Niujiang)	飲嗮佢
	Heshan (Yayao)	飲勝
	Dongguan	飲勝, 勝
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	乾杯
	Shaoguan	乾杯, 飲勝
	Yunfu	飲勝
	Xinyi	乾杯
	Lianjiang	乾杯, 飲勝
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	飲勝
	Singapore (Guangfu)	飲勝
Gan	Lichuan	乾杯
Gan	Pingxiang	照杯
Hakka	Meixian	乾杯, 深飲, 盡盅
	Xingning	飲勝
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	乾杯
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	乾杯
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	乾杯
	Conghua (Lütian)	乾杯
	Yudu	乾杯
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	乾杯
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	乾杯
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	乾杯
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	乾杯
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	乾杯
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	乾杯
	Hong Kong	飲
	Senai (Huiyang)	飲勝
Huizhou	Jixi	乾杯
Jin	Taiyuan	乾杯
Jin	Xinzhou	乾杯
Min Dong	Fuzhou	乾杯
Min Nan	Taipei	乾杯 GT, 乾 GT, 予焦啦 GT
	Penang (Hokkien)	飲勝
	Singapore (Hokkien)	焦, 予焦啦
	Chaozhou	乾杯
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	乾杯
	Leizhou	乾盅
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	乾
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	飲齊去
Wu	Shanghai	乾杯
	Shanghai (Chongming)	呷乾
	Suzhou	乾杯, 照面
	Hangzhou	乾杯
	Ningbo	碰杯
	Jinhua	乾杯
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
乾	杯
かん Grade: S	はい > ぱい Grade: S
on’yomi	kan’on

Alternative spelling
乾盃 (rare)

Etymology

From Chinese 乾杯／干杯 (gānbēi).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かんぱい [kàńpáí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [kã̠mpa̠i]

Verb

乾(かん)杯(ぱい)する • (kanpai suru) intransitive suru (stem 乾(かん)杯(ぱい)し (kanpai shi), past 乾(かん)杯(ぱい)した (kanpai shita))

to drink a glass dry
to toast
- 1947, 梅(うめ)崎(ざき)春(はる)生(お) [Haruo Umezaki], 蜆(しじみ) (Shijimi)‎:
  
  「お前(まえ)の新(あたら)しい出(しゅっ)発(ぱつ)について、俺(おれ)はこの冷(ひ)えた珈琲(コーヒー)で乾(かん)杯(ぱい)しようと思(おも)うよ」
  “Omae no atarashii shuppatsu ni tsuite, ore wa kono hieta kōhī de kanpai shiyō to omouyo”
  “I think I'll toast to your new start with this cold cup of coffee.”

Conjugation

Conjugation of "乾杯する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	乾杯し	かんぱいし	kanpai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	乾杯し	かんぱいし	kanpai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	乾杯する	かんぱいする	kanpai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	乾杯する	かんぱいする	kanpai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	乾杯すれ	かんぱいすれ	kanpai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	乾杯せよ¹ 乾杯しろ²	かんぱいせよ¹ かんぱいしろ²	kanpai seyo¹ kanpai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	乾杯される	かんぱいされる	kanpai sareru
Causative	乾杯させる乾杯さす	かんぱいさせるかんぱいさす	kanpai saseru kanpai sasu
Potential	乾杯できる	かんぱいできる	kanpai dekiru
Volitional	乾杯しよう	かんぱいしよう	kanpai shiyō
Negative	乾杯しない	かんぱいしない	kanpai shinai
Negative continuative	乾杯せず	かんぱいせず	kanpai sezu
Formal	乾杯します	かんぱいします	kanpai shimasu
Perfective	乾杯した	かんぱいした	kanpai shita
Conjunctive	乾杯して	かんぱいして	kanpai shite
Hypothetical conditional	乾杯すれば	かんぱいすれば	kanpai sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Interjection

乾(かん)杯(ぱい) • (kanpai)

cheers! bottoms up! (toast)
- 1948, 豊(とよ)島(しま)与(よ)志(し)雄(お) (Toyoshima Yoshio), 自(じ)由(ゆう)人(じん) (Jiyūjin)‎:
  
  「空(くう)想(そう)力(りょく)のために、乾(かん)杯(ぱい)。」立(た)ち上(あが)って、グラスを干(ほ)すと、眼(め)がくらんだ気持(きも)ちで、ふらふらとよろけてしまった。
  “Kūsōryoku no tame ni, kanpai.” Tachiagatte, gurasu o hosu to, me ga kuranda kimochi de, furafura to yorokete shimatta.
  “Cheers to your fancy!” I stood up and drained a glass of beer. Then I felt dizzy and staggered.

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
乾	杯

Noun

乾杯 • (geonbae) (hangeul 건배)

Hanja form^? of 건배 (“cheers!; bottoms up!”).

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK7-2] 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN