今昔

Chinese

		today; modern; present today; modern; present; current; this; now	past; former
trad. (今昔)		今	昔
simp. ^#(今昔)		今	昔

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīnxī, jīnxí

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣㄒㄧ, ㄐㄧㄣㄒㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹ sik¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīnxī
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣㄒㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jinsi
  - Wade–Giles: chin¹-hsi¹
  - Yale: jīn-syī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinshi
  - Palladius: цзиньси (czinʹsi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīnxí
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣㄒㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jinsí
  - Wade–Giles: chin¹-hsi²
  - Yale: jīn-syí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinshyi
  - Palladius: цзиньси (czinʹsi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gam¹ sik¹
  - Yale: gām sīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹ sik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem¹ xig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    今昔
    金色

Middle Chinese: /kˠiɪm siᴇk̚/

Rime
Character	今	昔
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	清 (123)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居吟切	思積切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪm/	/siᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚim/	/siɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiem/	/siæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjim/	/siajk̚/
Li Rong	/kjəm/	/siɛk̚/
Wang Li	/kĭĕm/	/sĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯əm/	/si̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīn	xi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam¹	sik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]r[ə]m [s]Ak/

(Zhengzhang): /*krɯm sjaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	今	昔
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīn	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ kim ›	‹ sjek ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]r[ə]m/	/*[s]Ak/
English	now	in the past
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	今	昔
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6599	13309
Phonetic component	今	昔
Rime group	侵	鐸
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	金	昔
Old Chinese	/*krɯm/	/*sjaːɡ/
Notes	文源謂含初文

Noun

今昔

(Classical Chinese) last night
(literary) the present and the past
Synonym: 古今 (gǔjīn)

Derived terms

今昔之感

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (今昔):

→ Japanese: 今(こん)昔(じゃく) (konjaku)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
今	昔
こん Grade: 2	しゃく > じゃく Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こんじゃく [kòńjákú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3]
(Tokyo) こんじゃく [kóꜜǹjàkù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
IPA^(key): [kõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

今(こん)昔(じゃく) • (konjaku) ^{←こんじやく (konzyaku)^?}

the past and the present

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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