分明

Chinese

		to divide; minute; (a measure word) to divide; minute; (a measure word); (a unit of leng	clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty
trad. (分明)		分	明
simp. ^#(分明)		分	明

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fēnmíng

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣㄇㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan¹ ming⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûn-mìn
Min Nan (POJ): hun-bêng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fēnmíng
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣㄇㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fenmíng
  - Wade–Giles: fên¹-ming²
  - Yale: fēn-míng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenming
  - Palladius: фэньмин (fɛnʹmin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fan¹ ming⁴
  - Yale: fān mìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan¹ ming⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen¹ ming⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûn-mìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: fun´ minˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fun¹ min²
  - Sinological IPA: /fun²⁴ min¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-bêng
  - Tâi-lô: hun-bîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hunbeeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: /pɨun mˠiæŋ/

Rime
Character	分	明
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	府文切	武兵切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨun/	/mˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/piun/	/mᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/piuən/	/miaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pun/	/miajŋ/
Li Rong	/piuən/	/miɐŋ/
Wang Li	/pĭuən/	/mĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uən/	/mi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēn	míng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan¹	ming⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pə[n] mraŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*pɯn mraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	分	明
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fēn	míng
Middle Chinese	‹ pjun ›	‹ mjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*pə[n]/	/*mraŋ/
English	divide	bright
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	分	明
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	3148	9188
Phonetic component	分	明
Rime group	文	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	分	明
Old Chinese	/*pɯn/	/*mraŋ/

Adjective

分明

clear; evident; plain; distinct
四季分明 ― sìjì fēnmíng ― to have four distinct seasons

Synonyms

明白 (míngbai)
清晰 (qīngxī)
清朗 (qīnglǎng)
清楚 (qīngchu)
疏朗 (shūlǎng) (literary)

分曉／分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
明瞭／明了 (míngliǎo)
明確／明确 (míngquè)
鮮明／鲜明 (xiānmíng)

Derived terms

二分明月
公私分明
恩怨分明
是非分明 (shìfēifēnmíng)
曲直分明
白黑分明
黑白分明
一三五不論，二四六分明／一三五不论，二四六分明
五分明兒／五分明儿

來去分明／来去分明
壁壘分明／壁垒分明
層序分明／层序分明
層次分明／层次分明
愛憎分明／爱憎分明 (àizēngfēnmíng)
條理分明／条理分明
涇渭分明／泾渭分明 (jīngwèifēnmíng)
賞罰分明／赏罚分明 (shǎngfá fēnmíng)
輸贏無定，報應分明／输赢无定，报应分明

Adverb

分明

clearly; evidently; plainly; distinctly
這分明是歧視。／这分明是歧视。 ― Zhè fēnmíng shì qíshì. ― This is clearly discriminatory.

Synonyms

明明 (míngmíng)
現現／现现 (Min Nan)

顯然／显然 (xiǎnrán)
顯而易見／显而易见 (xiǎn'éryìjiàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (分明):

→ Japanese: 分(ぶん)明(めい) (bunmei); 分(ぶん)明(みょう) (bunmyō); 分(ふん)明(みょう) (funmyō)
→ Korean: 분명(分明) (bunmyeong)
→ Vietnamese: phân minh (分明)

References

“Entry #677”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Korean

Hanja in this term
分	明

Noun

分明 • (bunmyeong) (hangeul 분명)

Hanja form^? of 분명 (“clarity; clearness”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
分	明

Adjective

分明

chữ Hán form of phân minh (“clear-cut, definite”). (Nguyễn, 1974)

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