庭つ鳥

Old Japanese

First attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

From 庭 (nipa, “garden”) +‎ つ (tu, attributive particle) +‎ 鳥 (to₂ri, “bird”).

庭つ鳥 (nipa tu to₂ri) (kana にはつとり)

a bird kept in a garden, allusion to 鷄 (kake₁, “chicken”)
- 711–712, Kojiki (poem 2)
  ...阿遠夜麻迩奴延波那伎奴佐怒都登理岐芸斯波登與牟爾波都登理迦祁波那久...
  ...awoyama ni nuye pa nakinu sano₁ tu to₂ri ki₁gi₁si pa to₂yo₂mu nipa tu to₂ri kake₁ pa naku...
  Then from the green hills a tiger thrush sang; there sounded the calls of pheasants, birds of the field; there came the crowing of cocks, birds of the garden.[1]
- 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 96)
  ...爾播都等唎柯稽播儺倶儺梨奴都等利枳蟻矢播等余武...
  ...nipa tu to₂ri kake₁ pa naku nari no₁ tu to₂ri ki₁gi₁si pa to₂yo₂mu...
  We hear the crow of a rooster, bird of the garden; the cry of the pheasant, bird of the fields.[2]
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 7, poem 1413), text here
  庭津鳥可鷄乃垂尾乃乱尾乃長心毛不所念鴨
  nipa tu to₂ri kake₁ no₂ tari-wo no₂ mi₁dare-wo no₂ nagaki₁ ko₂ko₂ro₂ mo omopoyenu ka mo
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(by extension of pillow word) a chicken (domestic fowl)
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 12, poem 3094), text here
  物念常不宿起有旦開者和備弖鳴成鷄左倍
  monomopu to₂ inezu oki₂taru asake₂ ni pa wabi₂te naku nari nipa tu to₂ri sape₂
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Helen Craig McCullough (1985) Brocade by Night: Kokin Wakashū and the Court Style in Japanese Classical Poetry, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 81
Jin'ichi Konishi (2017), Aileen Gatten, Nicholas Teele, transl.; Earl Roy Miner, editor, A History of Japanese Literature, Volume 1: The Archaic and Ancient Ages (Volume 4935 of Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, pages 147-148

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