惻隱

See also: 恻隐

Chinese

		sorrowful	secret; hidden; concealed
trad. (惻隱)		惻	隱
simp. (恻隐)		恻	隐

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cèyǐn

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄜˋ ㄧㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cak¹ jan², caak¹ jan²
Min Nan (POJ): chhek-ún / chhiak-ún / chhek-ín

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cèyǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄜˋ ㄧㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cèyǐn
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻê⁴-yin³
  - Yale: tsè-yǐn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsehyiin
  - Palladius: цэинь (cɛinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɤ⁵¹ in²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cak¹ jan², caak¹ jan²
  - Yale: chāk yán, chāak yán
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsak⁷ jan², tsaak⁷ jan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ceg¹ yen², cag¹ yen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐk̚⁵ jɐn³⁵/, /t͡sʰaːk̚⁵ jɐn³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek-ún
  - Tâi-lô: tshik-ún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhek'uon
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ un⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ un⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak-ún
  - Tâi-lô: tshiak-ún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiak'uon
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ un⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek-ín
  - Tâi-lô: tshik-ín
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhek'ien
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ in⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃʰɨk̚ ʔɨn^X/

Rime
Character	惻	隱
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	蒸 (134)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	初力切	於謹切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰɨk̚/	/ʔɨn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰɨk̚/	/ʔɨn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰiek̚/	/ʔiən^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰik̚/	/ʔɨn^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰiək̚/	/ʔiən^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰĭək̚/	/ĭən^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯ək̚/	/ʔi̯ən^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	che	yǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cik¹	jan²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰrɯɡ qɯnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	隱
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjɨn^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ](r)ə[n]ʔ/
English	grieved; suffering
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	惻	隱
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	16603	15314
Phonetic component	則	隱
Rime group	職	文
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	測	隱
Old Chinese	/*sʰrɯɡ/	/*qɯnʔ/

Verb

惻隱

(formal) to be sympathetic; to be empathetic; to feel compassion

Synonyms

同情 (tóngqíng)
哀矜 (āijīn) (literary)
心疼 (xīnténg)
可憐／可怜 (kělián)

哀憐／哀怜 (āilián)
悲憫／悲悯 (bēimǐn)
憐惜／怜惜 (liánxī)
憐憫／怜悯 (liánmǐn)

Derived terms

惻隱之心／恻隐之心 (cèyǐnzhīxīn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (惻隱):

→ Japanese: 惻隠(そくいん) (sokuin)
→ Korean: 측은(惻隱) (cheugeun)
→ Vietnamese: trắc ẩn (惻隱)

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