揺蕩う

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
揺 蕩
たゆた
Grade: S Hyōgaiji
jukujikun
Alternative spellings
搖蕩う (kyūjitai)
猶予う

/tajutapu/ → /tajutafu/ → /tajutau/

From Old Japanese 揺蕩ふ (tayutapu). Appears in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.[1][2]

Derived from the adjective たゆた (tayuta, “undecided, unsettled, uncertain in one's thoughts”) + auxiliary verb suffix ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state, spelled and pronounced as う (u) in modern Japanese).[1]

The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字), based on the synonymous Middle Chinese-derived term 揺蕩 (yōtō).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) たゆた​う [tàyútáꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][3]
  • IPA(key): [ta̠jɯ̟ᵝta̠ɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

揺蕩(たゆた)う • (tayutau) ←たゆたふ (tayutafu)?intransitive godan (stem 揺蕩(たゆた)い (tayutai), past 揺蕩(たゆた)った (tayutatta))

  1. to bob, to move about uncertainly as a floating item moves about on the surface of water or some other liquid
    Synonym: 漂う (tadayou)
  2. to be undecided or uncertain
  3. to pause or hesitate due to indecision, to dally, to dawdle
    Synonyms: 躊躇う (tamerau), 躊躇する (chūcho suru), (archaic) 猶予う (izayou)
Usage notes

The alternative 猶予う spelling is uncommon.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "揺蕩う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 揺蕩わ たゆたわ tayutawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 揺蕩い たゆたい tayutai
Shūshikei ("terminal") 揺蕩う たゆたう tayutau
Rentaikei ("attributive") 揺蕩う たゆたう tayutau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 揺蕩え たゆたえ tayutae
Meireikei ("imperative") 揺蕩え たゆたえ tayutae
Key constructions
Passive 揺蕩われる たゆたわれる tayutawareru
Causative 揺蕩わせる
揺蕩わす		 たゆたわせる
たゆたわす		 tayutawaseru
tayutawasu
Potential 揺蕩える たゆたえる tayutaeru
Volitional 揺蕩おう たゆたおう tayutaō
Negative 揺蕩わない たゆたわない tayutawanai
Negative continuative 揺蕩わず たゆたわず tayutawazu
Formal 揺蕩います たゆたいます tayutaimasu
Perfective 揺蕩った たゆたった tayutatta
Conjunctive 揺蕩って たゆたって tayutatte
Hypothetical conditional 揺蕩えば たゆたえば tayutaeba

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
揺 蕩
たゆと
Grade: S Hyōgaiji
jukujikun
Alternative spelling
搖蕩う (kyūjitai)

/tajutapu/ → /tajutafu/ → /tajutau/ → /tajutɔː/ → /tajutoː/

Shift from tayutau above. Listed with a reading of tayutǒ (/tajutɔː/) in the 1603 Nippo Jisho.[4]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ta̠jɯ̟ᵝto̞ː]

Verb

揺蕩(たゆと)う • (tayutou) ←たゆたふ (tayutafu)?intransitive godan (stem 揺蕩(たゆと)い (tayutoi), past 揺蕩(たゆと)った (tayutotta))

  1. Alternative form of 揺蕩う (tayutau)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "揺蕩う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 揺蕩わ たゆとわ tayutowa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 揺蕩い たゆとい tayutoi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 揺蕩う たゆとう tayutou
Rentaikei ("attributive") 揺蕩う たゆとう tayutou
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 揺蕩え たゆとえ tayutoe
Meireikei ("imperative") 揺蕩え たゆとえ tayutoe
Key constructions
Passive 揺蕩われる たゆとわれる tayutowareru
Causative 揺蕩わせる
揺蕩わす		 たゆとわせる
たゆとわす		 tayutowaseru
tayutowasu
Potential 揺蕩える たゆとえる tayutoeru
Volitional 揺蕩おう たゆとおう tayutoō
Negative 揺蕩わない たゆとわない tayutowanai
Negative continuative 揺蕩わず たゆとわず tayutowazu
Formal 揺蕩います たゆといます tayutoimasu
Perfective 揺蕩った たゆとった tayutotta
Conjunctive 揺蕩って たゆとって tayutotte
Hypothetical conditional 揺蕩えば たゆとえば tayutoeba

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here just under the highlighted term tayumu
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