欲する
Japanese
Kanji in this term |
---|
欲 |
ほっ Grade: 6 |
kun’yomi |
Etymology
/porisu/ → /posːu/ → /posːuru/
Sound shift from classical verb 欲す (horisu),[1][2][3][4] in turn from the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 欲る (horu, “to wish for, to desire”). + す (su, precursor to modern する (suru, “to do”)).[2][4]
The sense "to attempt to" is a calque of Classical Chinese 欲.
First attested in ideographic form in the Nihon Shoki of 720,[2] and in phonetic spelling in the Man'yōshū of 759.[5]
Pronunciation
Verb
欲する • (hossuru) transitive suru (stem 欲し (hosshi), past 欲した (hosshita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "ほっする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ほっせ ほっし |
hosse hosshi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ほっし | hosshi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | ほっする | hossuru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | ほっする | hossuru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ほっすれ | hossure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | ほっしろ ほっせよ |
hosshiro hosseyo | |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | ほっせられる ほっしられる |
hosserareru hosshirareru | |
Causative | ほっしさせる ほっしさす |
hosshisaseru hosshisasu | |
Potential | ほっせられる ほっしられる |
hosserareru hosshirareru | |
Volitional | ほっしよう | hosshiyō | |
Negative | ほっしない | hosshinai | |
Negative continuative | ほっせず | hossezu | |
Formal | ほっします | hosshimasu | |
Perfective | ほっした | hosshita | |
Conjunctive | ほっして | hosshite | |
Hypothetical conditional | ほっすれば | hossureba |
References
- 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- “欲”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- “欲する”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3383), spelled in the suppositional as 保里勢牟 ⟨porisemu⟩, available online here
- 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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