欲する

Japanese

Kanji in this term
ほっ
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Etymology

/porisu//posːu//posːuru/

Sound shift from classical verb (ほり) (horisu),[1][2][3][4] in turn from the (れん)(よう)(けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb () (horu, to wish for, to desire). + (su, precursor to modern する (suru, to do)).[2][4]

The sense "to attempt to" is a calque of Classical Chinese .

First attested in ideographic form in the Nihon Shoki of 720,[2] and in phonetic spelling in the Man'yōshū of 759.[5]

Pronunciation

Verb

(ほっ)する (hossuru) transitive suru (stem (ほっ) (hosshi), past (ほっ)した (hosshita))

  1. [from 720] to want, to desire
    目的(もくてき)(ほっ)する
    mokuteki o hossuru
    desire one's goal
  2. [from 1104] (literary) in the form 欲す (-n to hossu) (after the 未然形 (mizenkei, incomplete form) of a verb): to attempt to
    (しょう)()んと(ほっ)すればまず(うま)()
    shō o in to hossureba mazu uma o iyo
    (idiom) to shoot the general, first shoot his horse

Conjugation

See also

References

  1. 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  3. 欲する”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  4. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3383), spelled in the suppositional as 保里勢牟 ⟨porisemu⟩, available online here
  6. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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