膚

See also: 肤

膚	U+819A, 膚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-819A

← 膙
[U+8199]

CJK Unified Ideographs

膛 →
[U+819B]

Translingual

Han character

膚 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜心田月 (YPWB), four-corner 2122₇, composition ⿸虍胃)

References

KangXi: page 992, character 28

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29829

Dae Jaweon: page 1444, character 24

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2107, character 5

Unihan data for U+819A

Chinese

trad.		膚
simp.		肤
alternative forms		肤𦢚

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 膚
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (虍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
唬	qʰraːs, kʷraːɡ
戲	qʰral, qʰrals, *qʰaː
巇	*qʰra
隵	*qʰra
嚱	*qʰras
盧	*b·raː
鑪	*raː
壚	*raː
籚	*raː
蘆	raː, ra
顱	*b·raː
髗	*b·raː
鱸	*raː
攎	*raː
櫨	*raː
轤	*raː
黸	*raː
獹	*raː
鸕	*raː
艫	*raː
纑	*raː
瀘	*raː
瓐	*raː
爐	*raː
嚧	*raː
矑	*b·raː
罏	*raː
蠦	*raː
虜	*raːʔ
擄	*raːʔ
艣	*raːʔ
鐪	*raːʔ
虖	qʰaː, qʰʷa, qʰaː, qʰʷa
虍	*qʰaː
雐	*qʰʷlaː
虎	*qʰlaːʔ
琥	*qʰlaːʔ
萀	*qʰlaːʔ
臚	*b·ra
廬	*ra
驢	*b·ra
藘	*ra
爈	ra, ras
櫖	ra, ras
儢	*raʔ
慮	*ras
勴	*ras
鑢	*ras
濾	*ras
攄	*r̥ʰa
處	kʰljaʔ, kʰljas
豦	kas, ɡa
據	*kas
鐻	kas, ɡa, *ɡaʔ
澽	kas, ɡas
虛	kʰa, qʰa
墟	*kʰa
懅	*ɡa
蘧	ɡa, ɡʷa
籧	*ɡa
醵	ɡa, ɡas, *ɡaɡ
璩	*ɡa
虡	*ɡaʔ
遽	*ɡas
勮	*ɡas
噓	qʰa, qʰas
驉	*qʰa
歔	*qʰa
魖	*qʰa
膚	*pla
虧	*kʰʷral
噱	*ɡaɡ
臄	*ɡaɡ
劇	*ɡaɡ
諕	*qʰʷraːɡ

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p(r/j)a (“skin”) (STEDT). This form likely represents the root while 皮 (OC *bral) is its derivative with a voicing prefix, most likely PST *m-, found in several OC words for body parts like 鼻 (OC *m-bi[t]-s, “nose”), 肚 (OC *m-tˤaʔ, “belly”), 右 (OC *[ɢ]ʷəʔ-s (~ *m-qʷəʔ), “right-hand”) and 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˤo, “head”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fū (fu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fû
Min Bei (KCR): hú
Min Dong (BUC): hŭ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hu

(Teochew, Peng'im): hu¹
Wu (Wiktionary): ¹fu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fū
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fu
  - Wade–Giles: fu¹
  - Yale: fū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fu
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu¹
  - Yale: fū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fû
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /fu²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hu
  - Tâi-lô: hu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ¹fu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fv̩ʷ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /pɨo/

Rime
Character	膚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	甫無切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/pio/
Shao Rongfen	/pio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puə̆/
Li Rong	/pio/
Wang Li	/pĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pra/

(Zhengzhang): /*pla/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	膚
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fū
Middle Chinese	‹ pju ›
Old Chinese	/*pra/
English	skin
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膚
Reading #	1/1
No.	5275
Phonetic component	虍
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	跗
Old Chinese	/*pla/

Definitions

膚

skin
- 膚如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  肤如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Fū rú níngzhī. [Pinyin]
  Her skin was like congealed ointment.
superficial; shallow
great
(alt. form 扶) ancient unit of length equal to the width of four fingers

Compounds

切膚／切肤 (qièfū)
切膚之痛／切肤之痛
剝膚／剥肤
剝膚椎髓／剥肤椎髓
剝膚錐髓／剥肤锥髓
噬膚／噬肤
完膚／完肤 (wánfū)
末學膚受／末学肤受
浹髓淪膚／浃髓沦肤
潤膚／润肤 (rùnfū)
炙膚皸足／炙肤皲足
皮膚／皮肤 (pífū)
皮膚炎／皮肤炎 (pífūyán)

皮膚甲錯／皮肤甲错
皮膚病／皮肤病 (pífūbìng)
皮膚癌／皮肤癌 (pífū'ái)
皮膚肌炎／皮肤肌炎 (pífūjīyán)
肌無完膚／肌无完肤
肌膚／肌肤 (jīfū)
肌膚之愛／肌肤之爱
肌膚之親／肌肤之亲 (jīfūzhīqīn)
膚公／肤公
膚功／肤功
膚受／肤受
膚如刻畫／肤如刻画
膚寸／肤寸

膚廓／肤廓
膚敏／肤敏
膚橈目逃／肤桡目逃
膚泛／肤泛
膚淺／肤浅 (fūqiǎn)
膚色／肤色 (fūsè)
膚見／肤见
膚革／肤革
身無完膚／身无完肤
身體髮膚／身体发肤
雞膚鶴髮／鸡肤鹤发
體無完膚／体无完肤 (tǐwúwánfū)
鹽膚木／盐肤木

Descendants

→ Thai: ผิว (pǐu)

Japanese

Kanji

膚

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ふ (fu, 膚)
Kan-on: ふ (fu, 膚)
Kun: はだ (hada, 膚); はだえ (hadae, 膚)^{←はだへ (fadafe, はだへ, historical)}

Compounds

皮膚(ひふ) (hifu): skin
皮膚科(ひふか) (hifuka): dermatology
皮膚科医(ひふかい) (hifukai): dermatologist
皮膚(ひふ)病(びょう) (hifubyō): dermatosis, skin diseases
皮膚(ひふ)癌(がん) (hifugan): skin cancer

Etymology

Kanji in this term
膚
はだ Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 膚 – see the following entries.

【肌はだ】S	[noun] human skin [noun] surface of an object [noun] temperament, nature
【はだえ】	[noun] skin Alternative spellings 肌, 膚

(This term, 膚, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 膚 (MC pɨo). Recorded as Middle Korean 부 (pwu) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 膚 (eumhun 살갗 부 (salgat bu))

Hanja form^? of 부 (“skin”).

Compounds

피부 (皮膚, pibu)
피부과 (皮膚科, pibugwa)
피부염 (皮膚炎, pibuyeom)
피부병 (皮膚病, pibubyeong)
피부색 (皮膚色, pibusaek)
피부암 (皮膚癌, pibuam)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.