自乘

Chinese

		self	multiply
simp. and trad. (自乘)		自	乘

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zìchéng

(Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄔㄥˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zìchéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄔㄥˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhcherng
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zìhchéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /d͡ziɪ^H ʑɨŋ/

Rime
Character	自	乘
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	疾二切	食陵切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziɪ^H/	/ʑɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zi^H/	/ʑɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjɪ^H/	/ʑieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zi^H/	/ʑiŋ/
Li Rong	/d͡zi^H/	/d͡ʑiəŋ/
Wang Li	/d͡zi^H/	/d͡ʑĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi^H/	/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zì	shéng

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.[b]i[t]-s Cə.ləŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɦljids ɦljɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	自	乘
Reading #	1/2	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zì	chéng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzij^H ›	‹ zying ›
Old Chinese	/*s.[b]i[t]-s/	/*Cə.ləŋ/
English	self (adv.)	ride (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	自	乘
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	17879	1452
Phonetic component	自	乘
Rime group	至	蒸
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	自	繩
Old Chinese	/*ɦljids/	/*ɦljɯŋ/

Verb

自乘

(arithmetic, of a number) to be multiplied by itself
2自乘四次得 16。 ― 2 zìchéng sì cì dé 16. ― 2 to the power of 4 is 16.
- 元始黃鐘初九自乘，一龠之數，得日法。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  元始黄钟初九自乘，一龠之数，得日法。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE
  Yuánshǐ huángzhōng chū jiǔ zìchéng, yī yuè zhī shù, dé rì fǎ. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
- 以半徑為弦，五步自乘得二十五。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  以半径为弦，五步自乘得二十五。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 1088 CE, Shen Kuo, Dream Pool Essays
  Yǐ bànjìng wèi xián, wǔ bù zìchéng dé èrshíwǔ. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (自乘):

→ Japanese: 自(じ)乗(じょう) (jijō)
→ Korean: 자승 (自乘, jaseung)

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