貧賤
See also: 贫贱
Chinese
| poor | inexpensive; lowly | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (貧賤) | 貧 | 賤 | |
| simp. (贫贱) | 贫 | 贱 | |
Pronunciation
Noun
貧賤
- (literary) poverty and lowliness; destitution and degradation (the condition of inferiority in both possession and social status)
- 太史公曰：「富貴不違貧賤，貧賤不違富貴。」是謂從富貴為貧賤，從貧賤為富貴也。夫富貴不欲為貧賤，貧賤自至；貧賤不求為富貴，富貴自得也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE, translated based on Alfred Forke's version
- Tàishǐgōng yuē: “Fùguì bùwéi pínjiàn, pínjiàn bùwéi fùguì.” Shì wèi cóng fùguì wéi pínjiàn, cóng pínjiàn wéi fùguì yě. Fú fùguì bùyù wéi pínjiàn, pínjiàn zìzhì; pínjiàn bùqiú wéi fùguì, fùguì zìdé yě. [Pinyin]
- [T]he Grand Annalist asserts that wealth and honour do not exclude poverty and meanness, and that the latter do not exclude wealth and honour. That means that opulence and nobility may turn into indigence and humbleness, and that indigence and humbleness may be changed into opulence and nobility. Rich and noble persons do not desire poverty and misery, but poverty and misery may come of themselves, and poor and humble fellows may not strive for wealth and honour, yet wealth and honour fall to their sort spontaneously.
太史公曰：“富贵不违贫贱，贫贱不违富贵。”是谓从富贵为贫贱，从贫贱为富贵也。夫富贵不欲为贫贱，贫贱自至；贫贱不求为富贵，富贵自得也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 貧 | 賤 |
| ひん Grade: 5 |
せん Hyōgaiji |
| on’yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 貧賎 |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese compound 貧賤 (MC bˠiɪn d͡ziᴇnH). Compare modern Mandarin 貧賤／贫贱 (pínjiàn, “poor and lowly”).
Inflection
Inflection of 貧賤
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 貧賤だろ | ひんせんだろ | hinsen daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 貧賤で | ひんせんで | hinsen de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 貧賤だ | ひんせんだ | hinsen da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 貧賤な | ひんせんな | hinsen na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 貧賤なら | ひんせんなら | hinsen nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 貧賤であれ | ひんせんであれ | hinsen de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 貧賤ではない 貧賤じゃない |
ひんせんではない ひんせんじゃない |
hinsen de wa nai hinsen ja nai |
| Informal past | 貧賤だった | ひんせんだった | hinsen datta |
| Informal negative past | 貧賤ではなかった 貧賤じゃなかった |
ひんせんではなかった ひんせんじゃなかった |
hinsen de wa nakatta hinsen ja nakatta |
| Formal | 貧賤です | ひんせんです | hinsen desu |
| Formal negative | 貧賤ではありません 貧賤じゃありません |
ひんせんではありません ひんせんじゃありません |
hinsen de wa arimasen hinsen ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 貧賤でした | ひんせんでした | hinsen deshita |
| Formal negative past | 貧賤ではありませんでした 貧賤じゃありませんでした |
ひんせんではありませんでした ひんせんじゃありませんでした |
hinsen de wa arimasen deshita hinsen ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 貧賤で | ひんせんで | hinsen de |
| Conditional | 貧賤なら（ば） | ひんせんなら（ば） | hinsen nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 貧賤だったら | ひんせんだったら | hinsen dattara |
| Volitional | 貧賤だろう | ひんせんだろう | hinsen darō |
| Adverbial | 貧賤に | ひんせんに | hinsen ni |
| Degree | 貧賤さ | ひんせんさ | hinsensa |
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