迫る

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
せま
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
逼る

Cognate with ()める (semeru), ()める (semeru), (せば)める (sebameru), (せば)まる (sebamaru), and (せま) (semai).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "迫る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
迫る [sèmáꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 迫れ [sèmáꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 迫られる まられ [sèmáráréꜜrù]
Causative 迫らせる まらせ [sèmáráséꜜrù]
Potential 迫れる まれ [sèmáréꜜrù]
Volitional 迫ろう まろ [sèmáróꜜò]
Negative 迫らない まらない [sèmáráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 迫らなかった まらなかった [sèmáráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 迫ります まりま [sèmárímáꜜsù]
Perfective 迫った った [sèmáꜜttà]
Conjunctive 迫って って [sèmáꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 迫れば れば [sèmáꜜrèbà]

Verb

(せま) (semaru) intransitive godan (stem (せま) (semari), past (せま)った (sematta))

  1. to approach, reduce spatial or temporal distance
    (せま)締切(しめきり)
    semaru shimekiri
    impending deadline
  2. to press, compel, urge
Conjugation

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term

Grade: S

Extended from the “approach” sense of (せま) (semaru).[3]

Pronunciation

Verb

() (seru) transitive godan (stem () (seri), past ()った (setta))

  1. to urge, compel; to hurry (someone) along
Conjugation

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 迫る”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
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