𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰

Sogdian

Alternative forms

𐫞𐫀𐫄𐫔𐫀‎ (qʾɣδʾ) – Manichaean

Etymology

Unknown, perhaps a borrowing from Old Chinese 紙 (OC *kjeʔ).

Noun

𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰 (kʾɣδʾ kāγaδā)

paper

Derived terms

𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼷𐼰𐼸‎‎ (kʾɣδyʾk‎ /kāγaδyāk/, “of paper”)
𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰𐼸𐼳‎ (kʾɣδʾkh /kāγaδāk/, “paper”)

Descendants

→ Persian: کاغذ‎ (kâğaz), قاغذ‎ (qâğaz)
- Tajik: коғаз (koġaz)
- → Arabic: كاغد‎ (kāḡad, kāḡid)
- → Abkhaz: a-қьаад (a-kʲaad)
- → Assamese: কাকত (kakot), কাগজ (kagoz)
- → Baluchi: کاگد‎ (kágad)
- → Bengali: কাগজ (kagoj)
- → Georgian: ქაღალდი (kaɣaldi)
- → Gujarati: કાગળ (kāgaḷ)
- → Hindustani:
  - Hindi: काग़ज़ (kāġaz)
  - Urdu: کاغذ‎ (kāġaz)
- → Kannada: ಕಾಗದ (kāgada)
- → Kurdish:
  - Northern Kurdish: kaxez
  - Central Kurdish: کاغەز‎ (kaẍez), قاغەز‎ (qaẍez), قاقەز‎ (qaqez)
- → Malayalam: കടലാസ് (kaṭalāsŭ)
- → Marathi: कागद (kāgad)
- → Mingrelian: ქაღარდი (kaɣardi), ქარღადი (karɣadi)
- → Nepali: कागज (kāgaj)
- → Rajasthani: कागद (kāgad)
- → Sindhi: ڪاغذ‎ (kāḡaz)
- → Svan: ქაღალთ (kaɣalt)
- → Tamil: காகிதம் (kākitam)
- → Telugu: కాగితము (kāgitamu)
→ Mongolic:
- Mongolian: цаас (caas) / ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ (čaɣasu)
→ Turkic:
- Azerbaijani: کاغیز‎ / kağız / кағыз
- Bashkir: ҡағыҙ (qağıð)
- Crimean Tatar: kâğıt
- Karachay-Balkar: къагъыт (qağıt)
- Kazakh: қағаз (qağaz)
- Kumyk: кагъыз (kağız)
- Kyrgyz: кагаз (kagaz)
- Ottoman Turkish: كاغد‎ (ḱāğıd), كاغذ‎ (kâgaz)
  - Turkish: kâğıt
  - → Serbo-Croatian: ћага, ćaga
- Tatar: кәгазь (käğaz’), кыйагаз (qıyağaz)
- Turkmen: kagyz
- Uyghur: قەغەز‎ (qeghez)
- Uzbek: qogʻoz
- → Maghrebi Arabic:
  - Algerian Arabic: كاغط‎
    - → Kabyle: lkaɣeḍ
  - Libyan Arabic: كاغط‎ (kāǧəţ)
  - Moroccan Arabic: كاغط‎ (káḡiṭ)
- → Ossetian:
  - Iron: гӕххӕ́тт (gæxxǽtt), гӕххӕт (gæxxæt)
  - Digor: гӕгъӕди (gæǧædi) (possibly via Georgian)

References

B. Gharib (2013), "Sogdian language i. Loanwords in Persian", Encyclopædia Iranica
Gharib, B. (1995), “kʾγδʾ”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 185b
Абаев, В. И. (1958) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow, Leningrad: Academy Press, page 517
"Kāghad" in Cl. Huart, A. Grohmann (1997), Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition, volume 4: Iran-Kha, edited by C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, B. Lewis and Ch. Pellat, assisted by C. Dumont, M. Paterson and F. Th. Dijkema, M., Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, page 419b
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