-αίνω

Ancient Greek

Originally from Proto-Hellenic *-əňňō, from either Proto-Indo-European *-n̥yeti or *-m̥yeti, then freely used.[1]

-αίνω • (-aínō)

Originally found in verbs formed from nominal stems in -ᾰν- (-an-) plus Proto-Indo-European verbal suffixes *-yeti or *-yéti
‎μέλᾰν- (mélan-, “black”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎μελαίνω (melaínō, “to blacken”)

‎ποιμέν- (poimén-, “herdsman”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎ποιμαίνω (poimaínō, “to herd”) (< *poh₂imn̥yeti)
And on nouns with original n-stem
‎ὀνόματ- (onómat-, “name”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎ὀνομαίνω (onomaínō, “to name”) (< *h₃nomn̥yeti)

‎σήματ- (sḗmat-, “sign”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎σημαίνω (sēmaínō, “to signify”) (< *dʰyeh₂mn̥yeti)

‎πήματ- (pḗmat-, “misery, calamity”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎πημαίνω (pēmaínō, “to put in ruin”) (< *peh₁mn̥yeti)
Then added to other nominal stems
‎λευκός (leukós, “white”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎λευκαίνω (leukaínō, “to make white”)

‎χαλεπός (khalepós, “hard, angry”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎χαλεπαίνω (khalepaínō, “to be angry”)

Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -αίνω

Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 866.7

Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 465.5

-αίνω • (-aíno)

usually produces verbs indicating acquisition of a property
‎ζεστός (zestós, “hot”) + ‎-αίνω (-aíno) → ‎ζεσταίνω (zestaíno, “to get hot”)

‎άρρωστος (árrostos, “ill”) + ‎-αίνω (-aíno) → ‎αρρωσταίνω (arrostaíno, “to be taken ill”)

Greek terms suffixed with -αίνω

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