γῆ

See also: γη, Γη, Γῆ, and Appendix:Variations of "ge"

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

γᾶ (gâ) – Doric
ζᾶς (zâs) – Arcadocypriot

Etymology

From a pre-Indo-European Pre-Greek/substrate. The names Δημήτηρ (Dēmḗtēr) and Ποσειδῶν (Poseidôn) also Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀚𐀯𐀅𐀃𐀚 (e-ne-si-da-o-ne, “earthshaking (epithet of Poseidon)”) point to an alternate form *δᾶ (*dâ).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡɛ̂ː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɡe̝/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ʝi/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ʝi/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ʝi/

Noun

γῆ • (gê) f (genitive γῆς); first declension

Declension

First declension of ἡ γῆ; τῆς γῆς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ γῆ hē gê	τὼ γᾶ tṑ gâ	αἱ γαῖ / γέαι hai gaî / géai
Genitive	τῆς γῆς tês gês	τοῖν γαῖν toîn gaîn	τῶν γῶν / γεῶν tôn gôn / geôn
Dative	τῇ γῇ têi gêi	τοῖν γαῖν toîn gaîn	ταῖς γεαῖς taîs geaîs
Accusative	τὴν γῆν tḕn gên	τὼ γᾶ tṑ gâ	τᾱ̀ς γᾶς / γέᾱς tā̀s gâs / géās
Vocative	γῆ gê	γᾶ gâ	γαῖ / γέαι gaî / géai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First declension of ᾱ̔ γᾶ; τᾶς γᾶς (Laconian)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ᾱ̔ γᾶ hā gâ	τὼ γᾶ tṑ gâ	ταὶ γαῖ taì gaî
Genitive	τᾶς γᾶς tâs gâs	τοῖν γαῖν toîn gaîn	τᾶν γᾶν tân gân
Dative	τᾷ γᾷ tâi gâi	τοῖν γαῖν toîn gaîn	ταῖς γαῖς taîs gaîs
Accusative	τᾱ̀ν γᾶν tā̀n gân	τὼ γᾶ tṑ gâ	τᾱ̀ς γᾶς tā̀s gâs
Vocative	γᾶ gâ	γᾶ gâ	γαῖ gaî
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

γαῖα (gaîa, “earth”)
εὔγειος (eúgeios)
εὔγεως (eúgeōs)
γεωργός (geōrgós, “farmer”)
Ἀνδρόγεως (Andrógeōs)
γεωμετρία (geōmetría)
γεωγραφία (geōgraphía)

Descendants

Greek: γη (gi)

References

Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

γῆ