μάρπτω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

A word without outer-Greek cognates. Note the glosses found in Hesychius βράψαι (brápsai, “to gather, spens; consume, hide, hunt”) and βράπτειν (bráptein, “to eat, hide, make disappear, remove”). With a different auslauting velar, we find βρακεῖν (brakeîn, “to understand, grasp”) and βράξαι (bráxai, “to drink, bite, gather”). The latter have been compared with Sanskrit मृशति (mṛśati, “to touch, handle”). However, the variation κ/π cannot be explained in Indo-European terms. Rather, the variants point to Pre-Greek origin.

Nikolaev rejects a pre-Greek etymology and instead reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *merkʷ-, to which he also assigns Latin merx (“goods, merchandise”) (with delabialization before s generalized throughout its paradigm) and Tocharian A märk- (“to take away”).[1]

Pronunciation
 

Verb

μᾰ́ρπτω • (márptō)

  1. to take hold of, catch, grasp
  2. to lay hold of, seize, overtake

Inflection
   Present: μᾰ́ρπτω, μᾰ́ρπτομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative μᾰ́ρπτω μᾰ́ρπτεις μᾰ́ρπτει μᾰ́ρπτετον μᾰ́ρπτετον μᾰ́ρπτομεν μᾰ́ρπτετε μᾰ́ρπτουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive μᾰ́ρπτω μᾰ́ρπτῃς μᾰ́ρπτῃ μᾰ́ρπτητον μᾰ́ρπτητον μᾰ́ρπτωμεν μᾰ́ρπτητε μᾰ́ρπτωσῐ(ν)
optative μᾰ́ρπτοιμῐ μᾰ́ρπτοις μᾰ́ρπτοι μᾰ́ρπτοιτον μᾰρπτοίτην μᾰ́ρπτοιμεν μᾰ́ρπτοιτε μᾰ́ρπτοιεν
imperative   μᾰ́ρπτε μᾰρπτέτω μᾰ́ρπτετον μᾰρπτέτων   μᾰ́ρπτετε μᾰρπτόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative μᾰ́ρπτομαι μᾰ́ρπτῃ,
μᾰ́ρπτει		 μᾰ́ρπτεται μᾰ́ρπτεσθον μᾰ́ρπτεσθον μᾰρπτόμεθᾰ μᾰ́ρπτεσθε μᾰ́ρπτονται
subjunctive μᾰ́ρπτωμαι μᾰ́ρπτῃ μᾰ́ρπτηται μᾰ́ρπτησθον μᾰ́ρπτησθον μᾰρπτώμεθᾰ μᾰ́ρπτησθε μᾰ́ρπτωνται
optative μᾰρπτοίμην μᾰ́ρπτοιο μᾰ́ρπτοιτο μᾰ́ρπτοισθον μᾰρπτοίσθην μᾰρπτοίμεθᾰ μᾰ́ρπτοισθε μᾰ́ρπτοιντο
imperative   μᾰ́ρπτου μᾰρπτέσθω μᾰ́ρπτεσθον μᾰρπτέσθων   μᾰ́ρπτεσθε μᾰρπτέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive μᾰ́ρπτειν μᾰ́ρπτεσθαι
participle m μᾰ́ρπτων μᾰρπτόμενος
f μᾰ́ρπτουσᾰ μᾰρπτομένη
n μᾰ́ρπτον μᾰρπτόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔμᾰρπτον, ἐμᾰρπτόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔμᾰρπτον ἔμᾰρπτες ἔμᾰρπτε(ν) ἐμᾰ́ρπτετον ἐμᾰρπτέτην ἐμᾰ́ρπτομεν ἐμᾰ́ρπτετε ἔμᾰρπτον
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐμᾰρπτόμην ἐμᾰ́ρπτου ἐμᾰ́ρπτετο ἐμᾰ́ρπτεσθον ἐμᾰρπτέσθην ἐμᾰρπτόμεθᾰ ἐμᾰ́ρπτεσθε ἐμᾰ́ρπτοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: μᾰ́ρψω, μᾰ́ρψομαι, μᾰρφήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative μᾰ́ρψω μᾰ́ρψεις μᾰ́ρψει μᾰ́ρψετον μᾰ́ρψετον μᾰ́ρψομεν μᾰ́ρψετε μᾰ́ρψουσῐ(ν)
optative μᾰ́ρψοιμῐ μᾰ́ρψοις μᾰ́ρψοι μᾰ́ρψοιτον μᾰρψοίτην μᾰ́ρψοιμεν μᾰ́ρψοιτε μᾰ́ρψοιεν
middle indicative μᾰ́ρψομαι μᾰ́ρψῃ,
μᾰ́ρψει		 μᾰ́ρψεται μᾰ́ρψεσθον μᾰ́ρψεσθον μᾰρψόμεθᾰ μᾰ́ρψεσθε μᾰ́ρψονται
optative μᾰρψοίμην μᾰ́ρψοιο μᾰ́ρψοιτο μᾰ́ρψοισθον μᾰρψοίσθην μᾰρψοίμεθᾰ μᾰ́ρψοισθε μᾰ́ρψοιντο
passive indicative μᾰρφήσομαι μᾰρφήσῃ μᾰρφήσεται μᾰρφήσεσθον μᾰρφήσεσθον μᾰρφησόμεθᾰ μᾰρφήσεσθε μᾰρφήσονται
optative μᾰρφησοίμην μᾰρφήσοιο μᾰρφήσοιτο μᾰρφήσοισθον μᾰρφησοίσθην μᾰρφησοίμεθᾰ μᾰρφήσοισθε μᾰρφήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive μᾰ́ρψειν μᾰ́ρψεσθαι μᾰρφήσεσθαι
participle m μᾰ́ρψων μᾰρψόμενος μᾰρφησόμενος
f μᾰ́ρψουσᾰ μᾰρψομένη μᾰρφησομένη
n μᾰ́ρψον μᾰρψόμενον μᾰρφησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔμᾰρψᾰ, ἐμᾰρψᾰ́μην, ἐμᾰ́ρφθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔμᾰρψᾰ ἔμᾰρψᾰς ἔμᾰρψε(ν) ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰτον ἐμᾰρψᾰ́την ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰμεν ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰτε ἔμᾰρψᾰν
subjunctive μᾰ́ρψω μᾰ́ρψῃς μᾰ́ρψῃ μᾰ́ρψητον μᾰ́ρψητον μᾰ́ρψωμεν μᾰ́ρψητε μᾰ́ρψωσῐ(ν)
optative μᾰ́ρψαιμῐ μᾰ́ρψειᾰς,
μᾰ́ρψαις		 μᾰ́ρψειε(ν),
μᾰ́ρψαι		 μᾰ́ρψαιτον μᾰρψαίτην μᾰ́ρψαιμεν μᾰ́ρψαιτε μᾰ́ρψειᾰν,
μᾰ́ρψαιεν
imperative   μᾰ́ρψον μᾰρψᾰ́τω μᾰ́ρψᾰτον μᾰρψᾰ́των   μᾰ́ρψᾰτε μᾰρψᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐμᾰρψᾰ́μην ἐμᾰ́ρψω ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰτο ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰσθον ἐμᾰρψᾰ́σθην ἐμᾰρψᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰσθε ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰντο
subjunctive μᾰ́ρψωμαι μᾰ́ρψῃ μᾰ́ρψηται μᾰ́ρψησθον μᾰ́ρψησθον μᾰρψώμεθᾰ μᾰ́ρψησθε μᾰ́ρψωνται
optative μᾰρψαίμην μᾰ́ρψαιο μᾰ́ρψαιτο μᾰ́ρψαισθον μᾰρψαίσθην μᾰρψαίμεθᾰ μᾰ́ρψαισθε μᾰ́ρψαιντο
imperative   μᾰ́ρψαι μᾰρψᾰ́σθω μᾰ́ρψᾰσθον μᾰρψᾰ́σθων   μᾰ́ρψᾰσθε μᾰρψᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐμᾰ́ρφθην ἐμᾰ́ρφθης ἐμᾰ́ρφθη ἐμᾰ́ρφθητον ἐμᾰρφθήτην ἐμᾰ́ρφθημεν ἐμᾰ́ρφθητε ἐμᾰ́ρφθησᾰν
subjunctive μᾰρφθῶ μᾰρφθῇς μᾰρφθῇ μᾰρφθῆτον μᾰρφθῆτον μᾰρφθῶμεν μᾰρφθῆτε μᾰρφθῶσῐ(ν)
optative μᾰρφθείην μᾰρφθείης μᾰρφθείη μᾰρφθεῖτον,
μᾰρφθείητον		 μᾰρφθείτην,
μᾰρφθειήτην		 μᾰρφθεῖμεν,
μᾰρφθείημεν		 μᾰρφθεῖτε,
μᾰρφθείητε		 μᾰρφθεῖεν,
μᾰρφθείησᾰν
imperative   μᾰ́ρφθητῐ μᾰρφθήτω μᾰ́ρφθητον μᾰρφθήτων   μᾰ́ρφθητε μᾰρφθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive μᾰ́ρψαι μᾰ́ρψᾰσθαι μᾰρφθῆναι
participle m μᾰ́ρψᾱς μᾰρψᾰ́μενος μᾰρφθείς
f μᾰ́ρψᾱσᾰ μᾰρψᾰμένη μᾰρφθεῖσᾰ
n μᾰ́ρψᾰν μᾰρψᾰ́μενον μᾰρφθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms
  • κᾰτᾰμᾰ́ρπτω (katamárptō)
  • μᾰ́ρπτῐς (márptis)
  • σῠμμᾰ́ρπτω (summárptō)

References
  1. Nikolaev, Alexander (2021), “Etyma Graeca II”, in Indo-European Linguistics and Classical Philology, issue 25, Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 953–976

Further reading
  • “μάρπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “μάρπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “μάρπτω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • μάρπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • μάρπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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