должен

From Proto-Slavic *dъlžьnъ. Cognate with Bulgarian длъ́жен (dlǎ́žen) and Russian до́лжен (dólžen).

• IPA^(key): [ˈdɔɫʒɛn]

должен • (dolžen) (not comparable, abstract noun должност)

1. obligated
2. indebted

• до́лженъ (dólžen) – Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Inherited from Old East Slavic дължьнъ (dŭlžĭnŭ, “obligated”), from Proto-Slavic *dъlžьnъ. Compare with долг (dolg), and cognate with Bulgarian длъ́жен (dlǎ́žen) and Macedonian до́лжен (dólžen).

• IPA^(key): [ˈdoɫʐɨn]

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до́лжен • (dólžen)

1. obligated

   Synonym: обя́зан (objázan)

   я до́лжен плати́ть ― ja dólžen platítʹ ― I have to/should pay (literally, “I am obligated to pay”)

   он до́лжен мне пять ты́сяч рубле́й ― on dólžen mne pjatʹ týsjač rubléj ― he owes me five thousand rubles (literally, “he is obligated to me for five thousand rubles”)

• Grammatically, this term is an adjective that has only short forms, but it is best translated as a verb, either ought to/must/have (has) to if followed by an infinitive, or owe(s) if followed by a direct and indirect object.
• In modern Russian, the full infinitive form долженствова́ть (dolženstvovátʹ, literally “to be required to/to be obliged to”) is seldom used.

• до́лжность (dólžnostʹ), должни́к (dolžník), долг (dolg)
• до́лжный (dólžnyj)
• долженствова́ть (dolženstvovátʹ)

• должно́ быть (dolžnó bytʹ)