око
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [oˈkɔ]
Macedonian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɔkɔ]
Audio (file)
Old Church Slavonic
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ȍko, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.
Declension
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | око oko |
очи oči |
очеса očesa |
| Accusative | око oko |
очи oči |
очеса očesa |
| Genitive | очесе, ока očese, oka |
очью, очию očĭju, očiju |
очесъ očesŭ |
| Locative | очесе, оцѣ, очеси očese, ocě, očesi |
очью, очию očĭju, očiju |
очесьхъ očesĭxŭ |
| Dative | очеси, окоу očesi, oku |
очима očima |
очесьмъ očesĭmŭ |
| Instrumental | очесьмь, окомь očesĭmĭ, okomĭ |
очима očima |
очесꙑ očesy |
| Vocative | око oko |
очи oči |
очеса očesa |
The singular takes o-stem or s-stem endings, the dual takes mostly i-stem endings, and the plural takes s-stem endings. Halla-aho considers the dual forms a remnant of an original i-stem which later became an s-stem, but Derksen reconstructs the Proto-Slavic form as an o-stem instead.
See also
- многоочитый, многоꙮчитїи (mnogoočityj, mnogoočitii) (ꙮ (o))
References
- Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “око”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk
- Hauptova Z., editor (1958–1997), “око”, in Slovník jazyka staroslověnského (Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae), Prague: Euroslavica
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki
Old East Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃ekʷ-.
Descendants
References
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902), “око”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 642
Old Ruthenian
Alternative forms
- во́ко
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic о́ко (óko), from Proto-Slavic *ȍko, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃ekʷ-.
Descendants
Further reading
- Tymchenko, E. K., editor (1930), “воко; око”, in Історичний словник українського язика [Historical Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1, issue 1 (А – Г), Kharkiv, Kyiv: St. Publ. House of Ukraine, page 294
- Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “*око¹”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ – 15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 78
- Bulyka, A. M., editor (2002), “око, воко”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), issue 22 (оддыханье – ость), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 136
- Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1997), “воко; око”, in Словник української мови XVI – I пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), issue 4 (весь – вправѣ), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 197
- Tymchenko, E. K. (2003), “око”, in Nimchuk, V. V., editor, Матеріали до словника писемної та книжної української мови XV–XVIII ст. [Materials for the Dictionary of the Written and Book Ukrainian Language of the 15ᵗʰ – 18ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (О – Я), Kyiv, New York: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S., →ISBN, page 32
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic око (oko), from Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈokə]
Noun
о́ко • (óko) n inan (genitive о́ка, nominative plural о́чи*, genitive plural оче́й*) (* о́чи is actually an old nominative dual form for neuter nouns.)
Declension
Related terms
- о́чный (óčnyj)
- зао́чный (zaóčnyj)
- очеви́дный (očevídnyj)
Rusyn
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ôko/
- Hyphenation: о‧ко
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.
Declension
Preposition
о̏ко (Latin spelling ȍko) (+ genitive case)
- around
- about
- approximately
- Заплијењено је око 45 кг. ― Approximately 45 kg was seized.
Ukrainian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɔkɔ]
Audio (file)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.
Usage notes
Notice that the irregular plural is an old dual form.
Declension
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish اوقه.
Declension
Further reading
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2003), “о́ко”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 4 (Н – П), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 170
- Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “о́ко”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “око”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2022), “око”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 1–13 (а – покі́рно), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN