пестя
See also: песта
Bulgarian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěstiti (“to nurture”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pɛˈstʲɤ̟]
Verb
пестя́ • (pestjá) impf
- (transitive) to save, to economize (to restrain from spending some limited resource)
- Synonym: икономи́свам (ikonomísvam)
- (transitive) to save towards (to put aside fraction of some resource for further use)
- Synonyms: къ́там (kǎ́tam), заде́лям (zadéljam)
- (intransitive, transitive) to spare, not to waste (to prevent the squander of resources)
- Synonym: щадя́ (štadjá)
Conjugation
Conjugation of пестя́ (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | пестя́щ pestjášt |
пести́л pestíl |
пестя́л pestjál |
песте́н pestén |
песте́йки pestéjki | |
| definite subject form | пестя́щият pestjáštijat |
пести́лият pestílijat |
— | песте́ният pesténijat | |||
| definite object form | пестя́щия pestjáštija |
пести́лия pestílija |
— | песте́ния pesténija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | пестя́ща pestjášta |
пести́ла pestíla |
пестя́ла pestjála |
песте́на pesténa | ||
| definite | пестя́щата pestjáštata |
пести́лата pestílata |
— | песте́ната pesténata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | пестя́що pestjášto |
пести́ло pestílo |
пестя́ло pestjálo |
песте́но pesténo |
песте́не pesténe | |
| definite | пестя́щото pestjáštoto |
пести́лото pestíloto |
— | песте́ното pesténoto |
песте́нето pesténeto | ||
| plural | indefinite | пестя́щи pestjášti |
пести́ли pestíli |
песте́ли pestéli |
песте́ни pesténi |
песте́ния, песте́нета pesténija, pesténeta | |
| definite | пестя́щите pestjáštite |
пести́лите pestílite |
— | песте́ните pesténite |
песте́нията, песте́нетата pesténijata, pesténetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | пестя́ pestjá |
пести́ш pestíš |
пести́ pestí |
пести́м pestím |
пести́те pestíte |
пестя́т pestját | |
| imperfect | пестя́х pestjáh |
песте́ше pestéše |
песте́ше pestéše |
пестя́хме pestjáhme |
пестя́хте pestjáhte |
пестя́ха pestjáha | |
| aorist | пести́х pestíh |
пести́ pestí |
пести́ pestí |
пести́хме pestíhme |
пести́хте pestíhte |
пести́ха pestíha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пестя́л m, пестя́ла f, пестя́ло n, or песте́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пестя́л m, пестя́ла f, пестя́ло n, or песте́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and пестя́л m, пестя́ла f, пестя́ло n, or песте́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| пести́ pestí |
песте́те pestéte |
||||||
Derived terms
- запестя́ pf (zapestjá), запестя́вам impf (zapestjávam)
- напестя́ pf (napestjá), напестя́вам impf (napestjávam) (dialectal)
- попестя́ pf (popestjá), попестя́вам impf (popestjávam) (dialectal)
- спестя́ pf (spestjá), спестя́вам impf (spestjávam)
- пестели́в (pestelív, “thrifty, frugal”)
- пестели́вост (pestelívost) (abstract noun)
- пестели́вец (pestelívec) (agent noun)
Related terms
- песту́вам (pestúvam, “to heed”) (rare)
- песто́вник (pestóvnik, “saver”)
- песту́н (pestún, “mentor, guardian”) (obsolete)
References
- пестя in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
- пестя in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Čitanka.Info)
- Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “пестя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 189
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