գունդ

• (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [ɡund]
• (Western Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [kʰuntʰ]

From Old Armenian գունդ (gund).

գունդ • (gund)

1. spherical object, sphere, ball, orb
2. (geometry) sphere

   գնդի ծավալը համեմատական է շառավղի խորանարդին ― gndi cavalə hamematakan ē šaṙavłi xoranardin ― the volume of the sphere is proportional to the cube of the radius

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian գունդ (gund).

գունդ • (gund)

1. (military) regiment

   Synonyms: զորագունդ (zoragund), (colloquial, non-standard) պոլկ (polk)

2. (historical) troop, brigade, battalion (of soldiers)
3. (archaic) group, assemblage

From Middle Iranian *gund (“spherical object”); see Middle Persian gwnd (gund, “testicle”) for more.

• գունտ (gunt) – post-classical
• կունտն (kuntn), կունտ (kunt), կունդն (kundn), կունդ (kund) – sense “wheel” only

գունդ • (gund)

1. spherical object, sphere, globe

   գունդ փոքրիկ ― gund pʿokʿrik ― bullet; globule

   գունդ անուոյ ― gund anuoy ― nave of a wheel

   գունդ կշռոց ― gund kšṙocʿ ― weight

   գունդ կապարեայ ― gund kapareay ― lead

2. arch of heaven, vault
3. celestial body, heavenly body, orb
4. the spherical section of the lamp into which the oil is poured
5. sounding line, plummet

   չափել զծով գնտով ― čʿapʿel zcov gntov ― to sound

6. wheel
7. human head

• Armenian: գունդ (gund)
  • → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܟܘܢܕܐ‎ (kundā)
  • → Azerbaijani: kündə
  • → Udi: ҝуьндаь (gʲündä)
• → Georgian: გუნდა (gunda)

• Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “գունդ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “գունդ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971), “գունդ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume I, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 593–594
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “²gund”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 38
• Bartholomae, Christian (1904) Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary]‎ (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, column 525

From Middle Persian gwnd (gund, “army, troop; group, gathering”).

գունդ • (gund)

1. group, assemblage, troop (of bees, men, angels but especially of soldiers)
   • 5th century, Ełišē, Vasn Vardanay ew Hayocʿ paterazmin [History of Vardan and the Armenian War] chapter 4, (1957 edition, page 96):[1]

     Այլ և դրօշից անգամ իւրաքանչիւրոց տեղեկանայր ի նմանէ․ և թէ քանի՛ գունդ զզօրսն բաժանիցեն, և ո՛ր ոք ի նոցանէ սաղարք լինիցին, և ո՛ր զօրագլուխ յորմէ կողմանէ յռազմ մտանիցէ, և զինչ անուանք իւրաքանչիւր համհարզացն իցեն, և քանի՛ փողահարք ի մէջ գնդին ձայնիցեն։

     Ayl ew drōšicʿ angam iwrakʿančʿiwrocʿ tełekanayr i nmanē; ew tʿē kʿaní gund zzōrsn bažanicʿen, ew ór okʿ i nocʿanē sałarkʿ linicʿin, ew ór zōraglux yormē kołmanē yṙazm mtanicʿē, ew zinčʿ anuankʿ iwrakʿančʿiwr hamharzacʿn icʿen, ew kʿaní pʿołaharkʿ i mēǰ gndin jaynicʿen.

     • Translation by Robert W. Thomson

       He also inquired from him about each of the standards: into how many companies they divided the army, which of them were generals, which commander would attack from which side, what were the names of each one's adjutants, how many trumpeters would sound in the company.

2. military theme, military province

   կողմն Վասպուրական գնդին ― kołmn Vaspurakan gndin ― Vaspurakan military province

• → Armenian: գունդ (gund) (learned)
• → Georgian: გუნდი (gundi)

• Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “գունդ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “գունդ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971), “գունդ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume I, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 594–595
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “¹gund”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 38