հարճ
Armenian
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Old Armenian հարճ (harč).
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [hɑɾt͡ʃ]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [hɑɾd͡ʒ]
Declension
i-type, animate (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | հարճ (harč) | հարճեր (harčer) | ||
| dative | հարճի (harči) | հարճերի (harčeri) | ||
| ablative | հարճից (harčicʿ) | հարճերից (harčericʿ) | ||
| instrumental | հարճով (harčov) | հարճերով (harčerov) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | հարճը/հարճն (harčə/harčn) | հարճերը/հարճերն (harčerə/harčern) | ||
| dative | հարճին (harčin) | հարճերին (harčerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | հարճս (harčs) | հարճերս (harčers) | ||
| dative | հարճիս (harčis) | հարճերիս (harčeris) | ||
| ablative | հարճիցս (harčicʿs) | հարճերիցս (harčericʿs) | ||
| instrumental | հարճովս (harčovs) | հարճերովս (harčerovs) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | հարճդ (harčd) | հարճերդ (harčerd) | ||
| dative | հարճիդ (harčid) | հարճերիդ (harčerid) | ||
| ablative | հարճիցդ (harčicʿd) | հարճերիցդ (harčericʿd) | ||
| instrumental | հարճովդ (harčovd) | հարճերովդ (harčerovd) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
Old Armenian
Etymology
Together with the synonymous Old Georgian ხარჭი (xarč̣i) borrowed from Middle Iranian *harč, attested as the first part of the Sassanian title for the chief eunuch / head of the harem – Middle Persian 𐭠𐭫𐭰𐭯𐭲 (ʾlcpt /arzbed/), Classical Syriac ܐܪܙܒܕ (ˀrzbd /arzbed/), Persian هرزهبد (hrzhbd /harzbad, harzbed/),[1] Arabic هرزبد (hrzbd),[2] هرجبد (harjbad)[3] – formed with -pt' (/-bed/, “lord, master”) and literally meaning "woman-master, person in charge of women".[4][5][6][7][8][9] First etymologized by Asatrian (apud Tafazzoli 1990). According to Asatrian the Middle Iranian word is cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬍 (hāirišī, “woman”).
For a less likely Northeast Caucasian origin see Old Georgian ხარჭი (xarč̣i).
Noun
հարճ • (harč)
- concubine
- 5th century, Bible, Genesis 22.24:
- Եւ հարճն նորին որոյ էր անուն Ռեէմա, ծնաւ եւ նա զՏաբեկ եւ զԳաամ եւ զՏոքոս եւ զՄովքա:
- Ew harčn norin oroy ēr anun Ṙeēma, cnaw ew na zTabek ew zGaam ew zTokʿos ew zMovkʿa:
- And his concubine, whose name was Reumah, she bare also Tebah, and Gaham, and Thahash, and Maachah.
- Եւ հարճն նորին որոյ էր անուն Ռեէմա, ծնաւ եւ նա զՏաբեկ եւ զԳաամ եւ զՏոքոս եւ զՄովքա:
Declension
i-type
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | հարճ (harč) | հարճք (harčkʿ) | |
| genitive | հարճի (harči) | հարճից (harčicʿ) | |
| dative | հարճի (harči) | հարճից (harčicʿ) | |
| accusative | հարճ (harč) | հարճս (harčs) | |
| ablative | հարճէ (harčē) | հարճից (harčicʿ) | |
| instrumental | հարճիւ (harčiw) | հարճիւք (harčiwkʿ) | |
| locative | հարճի (harči) | հարճս (harčs) |
Derived terms
- հարճորդէգիր (harčordēgir)
- հարճորդի (harčordi)
- հարճութիւն (harčutʿiwn)
Descendants
- → Armenian: հարճ (harč) (learned)
References
- attested in Shahnameh as a manuscript variant of هیربد (hyrbd)
- attested in the Arabic rendering of the Shahnameh by Bundārī made in 620 A.H.
- attested in Al-Tabari, emended from the corrupt form هرجيد (hrjyd)
- Tafazzoli, Ahmad (1990), “An Unrecognized Sasanian Title”, in Bulletin of the Asia Institute, volume 4, pages 301–305
- Asatryan, Gaṙnik (1997), “Baṙakʿnnakan-stugabanakan ētyudnerV [Lexical–etymological studies V]”, in G. Asatryan, editor, Iran-namē : Arewelagitakan handēs [Iran-nameh : Armenian Journal of Oriental Studies] (in Armenian), issue 26–27–28, Yerevan, page 37
- Shapur Shahbazi, A. (2003), “Harem i. In Ancient Iran”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York
- Lerner, Judith A.; Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2006), “The Seal of a Eunuch in the Sasanian Court”, in Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology, volume 1, , page 115 of 113–118
- Gignoux, Philippe (2009), “Syriac Language ii. Syriac Writings on Pre-Islamic Iran”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York
- Macuch, Maria (2014), “The Case against Mār Abā, the Catholicos, in the Light of Sasanian Law”, in ARAM, volume 26, issue 1–2, page 48 of 47–58
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “հարճ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 60–61
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “հարճ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “հարճ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
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