ղ

• (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [ʁə]
• (Western Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [ʁə]

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ղ lowercase (uppercase Ղ)

1. The 18th letter of Armenian alphabet, called ղատ (łat).
   Represents:

   velarized alveolar lateral approximant: [ɫ] in Old Armenian. Transliterated as ł.

   voiced uvular fricative: [ʁ] in Eastern Armenian. Transliterated as ġ.

   voiced uvular fricative: [ʁ] in Western Armenian. Transliterated as ġ.

The pronunciation of this letter has changed considerably since classical Old Armenian. The oldest pronunciation was an l-like sound (hear it). Hence the spellings like Պաղեստին (Pałestin), Ղուկաս (Łukas), մետաղ (metał). It turned into [ʁ] (hear it) around the 10-11th centuries.

• (The Armenian script): Աա   Բբ   Գգ   Դդ   Եե   Զզ   Էէ   Ըը   Թթ   Ժժ   Իի   Լլ   Խխ   Ծծ   Կկ   Հհ   Ձձ   Ղղ Ճճ   Մմ   Յյ   Նն   Շշ   Ոո   Չչ   Պպ   Ջջ   Ռռ   Սս   Վվ   Տտ   Րր   Ցց   Ււ   Փփ   Քք   Օօ   Ֆֆ
• (Letter combinations): ու   և   ﬔ   ﬕ   ﬓ   ﬗ   ﬖ
• (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈   ա̊   ա̄   ը̂   է̀   էօ / օ̈   էօ̀ / օ̈̀   իւ / ո̈ւ   գ^յ   կ^յ   ք^յ   հ^յ   բՙ   դՙ   գՙ   ձՙ   ջՙ   ղՙ   ֈ / յ̵   ʔ  
• (Punctuation):  ՙ   ՚   ՛   ՜   ՝   ՞   ՟   ․   ։   ֊
• (Symbols): ֏ ֎ ֍

• Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, § 1.1.2.2, page 18