אתרוג

From Old Persian [Term?]. Compare Persian ترنج‎ (toronj), Turkish turunç, Arabic تُرُنْج‎ (turunj), أُتْرُجّ‎ (ʔutrujj), Aramaic תְּרוֹגָא‎ (tərōḡā), אֶתְרוֹגָא‎ (ʾeṯrōḡā). Also Classical Syriac ܥܶܛܪܳܐ‎ (ʿeṭrā, “pitch”) q.v., the trees then being mostly valued for aromatic wood.

אֶתְרוֹג • (etróg) m (plural indefinite אֶתְרוֹגִים‎, singular construct אֶתְרוֹג־, plural construct אֶתְרוֹגֵי־‎)

1. citron (fruit)
   • a. 217 C.E., Mishnah, Sukkah 4:7:

     ‏מִיַּד הַתִּינוֹקוֹת שׁוֹמְטִין אֶת לוּלְבֵיהֶן וְאוֹכְלִין אֶתְרוֹגֵיהֶן.‎‎

     Mi-yád ha-tinoqót shomṭín et lulavéihen v-okhlín etrogéihen.

     Immediately, the children would release their palm branches and eat their citrons.

   • a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Kiddushin 70a:

     ‏אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל כׇּל הָאוֹמֵר אֶתְרוּנְגָּא תִּילְתָּא בְּרָמוּת רוּחָא אוֹ אֶתְרוֹג כִּדְקַרְיוּהּ רַבָּנַן אוֹ אֶתְרוֹגָא דְּאָמְרִי אִינָשֵׁי‎

     Amár Shmuél: kol ha-omér etrúnga tiltá b-ramút rúḥa. O etróg ki-d-qaryúh rabbanán, o etróga d-amrí inashéi.

     Said Shmuel: All who call a citron an etrunga have a third of a measure of haughtiness. Either call it an etrog, as the rabbis call it, or an etroga, as the people do.

• “אתרוג” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

• אתרוג‎ on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^he

From Hebrew אֶתְרוֹג‎ (etróg).

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛsʁəɡ/

אתרוג • (esreg) m, plural אתרוגים‎ (esroygim)

1. citron (fruit)