מטרקא

Aramaic

Etymology

From טרק‎ (ṭrq, “to hit, sting, bite, close a door, mix”), which is cognate with Akkadian 𒂀 (/tarāku/, “to hit, knock”) and Arabic طَرَقَ‎ (ṭaraqa, “to knock, bang, strike”), if the latter is not ultimately an Aramaic borrowing.

Noun

מטרקא • (mṭrqʾ)

(Jewish Babylonian Aramaic) goad, whip, device for driving livestock
- a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Yoma 23a:
  ‏מאי פקיע אמר רב מדרא מאי מדרא אמר רב פפא מטרקא דטייעי ד פסיק רישיה‎‎
  What is a pakia? Rav says: A madra. What is a madra? Rav Papa says: An Arabian whip whose end is split.

Descendants

Taking Jewish Babylonian Aramaic as representative of all Aramaic:

Classical Mandaic: ࡌࡀࡈࡓࡀࡒࡉࡀ‎ pl (maṭraqia)
Classical Syriac: ܡܛܪܩܐ‎ (maṭrəqā)
- → Old Armenian: մտրակ (mtrak), մտրուակ (mtruak)
  - Armenian: մտրակ (mtrak)
→? Arabic: مِطْرَقَة‎ (miṭraqa), مِطْرَق‎ (miṭraq) (either borrowed from Aramaic or its cognate)
- Maltese: mterqa
- → Aragonese: matraca
- → Catalan: matraca
- → French: matraque
  - → Dutch: matrak
- → Persian: مطرقه‎ (metraqe), مطرق‎ (metraq)
- → Portuguese: matraca
- → Spanish: matraca
  - → English: matraca

Unsorted borrowings

→ Old Georgian: მათრაჴი (matraqi)
- Georgian: მათრახი (matraxi)
  - → Armenian: մաթրախ (matʿrax)
  - → Mingrelian: მართახი (martaxi), მათრახი (matraxi)
  - → Svan: მათრა̈ხ (maträx)
- → Svan: მადრა̈ჴ (madräq), მჷდრა̈ჴ (mədräq), მჷრდა̈ჴ (mərdäq), მადრაჴ (madraq)

References

Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “մտրակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 368–369
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 260
Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 1474, page 118b
“mṭrq”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2015-08-21
Sokoloff, Michael (2002) A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the Talmudic and Geonic periods, Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University, pages 519a, 661a
Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press

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