حسل
Arabic
Etymology
Freytag thought that since حَسَلَ (ḥasala) خَسَلَ (ḵasala) are tradited to mean “to repel, to propel vehemently, to cast off” just as سَخَلَ (saḵala) it would be the same word as سَخْل (saḵl, “offspring of a sheep or goat”). One has to add سِحْلِيَّة (siḥliyya, “lizard”), which also has metathetical forms in dialects and is itself judged post-classical, lacking in the Classical Arabic dictionaries unlike حِسْل (ḥisl). Semantic connection of it to سَحَلَ (saḥala, “to scrape off”) is difficult. Perhaps this and Middle Armenian խլէզ (xlēz, “lizard”) have to be ascribed to a colloquial Aramaic substrate related to חלד / ܚܠܕ (ḥlaḏ, “to crawl”) whence also Aramaic חוּלְדּא / ܚܘܠܕܐ (ḥuldā, “mole”) and thence Arabic خُلْد (ḵuld, “mole”) comes. In Neo-Armenian խլեզ (xlez) is also attested as a “slug”, which permits connecting Aramaic חְלָזֹונָא / ܚܠܵܙܘܿܢܵܐ (ḥəlāzōnā, “snail, slug”) whence Arabic حَلَزُون (ḥalazūn, “snail, slug”) is borrowed, itself formally corresponding to Jewish Literary Aramaic חִילִּיז, חִלִּיז (ḥillīz) which is translated as “cyst” and “one afflicted with an eye-disease called חֽלָּזֹון (hillāzōn, literally “slug”)”, of dubious vowelization and perhaps identical to the Syriac alternative form of the word for “snail, slug” shaped ܚܠܝܙܘܢܐ (ḥəlīzōnā); compare Classical Syriac ܚܰܠܳܕܺܝܬܳܐ (ḥalāḏīṯā, “gangrene”) and ܚܰܠܕܘܽܕܴܐ (ḥaləḏūḏā, “jerboa”) for the root use, Jewish Literary Aramaic חַלְּטָתָה, חַלְּטָתָא (ḥalləṭāṯā, “lizard”) for the variation.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ħisl/
Noun
حِسْل • (ḥisl) m (plural أَحْسَال (ʔaḥsāl) or حُسُول (ḥusūl) or حِسْلَة (ḥisla) or حِسْلَان (ḥislān))
- young of a spiny-tailed lizard, when it comes forth fresh from its egg and before it has fully hatched out (then it is called غَيْدَاق (ḡaydāq), then مُطْبِخ (muṭbiḵ), then خُضْرِم (ḵuḍrim), and an adult is ضَبّ (ḍabb))
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حِسْل ḥisl |
الْحِسْل al-ḥisl |
حِسْل ḥisl |
Nominative | حِسْلٌ ḥislun |
الْحِسْلُ al-ḥislu |
حِسْلُ ḥislu |
Accusative | حِسْلًا ḥislan |
الْحِسْلَ al-ḥisla |
حِسْلَ ḥisla |
Genitive | حِسْلٍ ḥislin |
الْحِسْلِ al-ḥisli |
حِسْلِ ḥisli |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | حِسْلَيْن ḥislayn |
الْحِسْلَيْن al-ḥislayn |
حِسْلَيْ ḥislay |
Nominative | حِسْلَانِ ḥislāni |
الْحِسْلَانِ al-ḥislāni |
حِسْلَا ḥislā |
Accusative | حِسْلَيْنِ ḥislayni |
الْحِسْلَيْنِ al-ḥislayni |
حِسْلَيْ ḥislay |
Genitive | حِسْلَيْنِ ḥislayni |
الْحِسْلَيْنِ al-ḥislayni |
حِسْلَيْ ḥislay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَحْسَال; حُسُول; حِسْلَة; حِسْلَان ʔaḥsāl; ḥusūl; ḥisla; ḥislān |
الْأَحْسَال; الْحُسُول; الْحِسْلَة; الْحِسْلَان al-ʔaḥsāl; al-ḥusūl; al-ḥisla; al-ḥislān |
أَحْسَال; حُسُول; حِسْلَة; حِسْلَان ʔaḥsāl; ḥusūl; ḥislat; ḥislān |
Nominative | أَحْسَالٌ; حُسُولٌ; حِسْلَةٌ; حِسْلَانٌ ʔaḥsālun; ḥusūlun; ḥislatun; ḥislānun |
الْأَحْسَالُ; الْحُسُولُ; الْحِسْلَةُ; الْحِسْلَانُ al-ʔaḥsālu; al-ḥusūlu; al-ḥislatu; al-ḥislānu |
أَحْسَالُ; حُسُولُ; حِسْلَةُ; حِسْلَانُ ʔaḥsālu; ḥusūlu; ḥislatu; ḥislānu |
Accusative | أَحْسَالًا; حُسُولًا; حِسْلَةً; حِسْلَانًا ʔaḥsālan; ḥusūlan; ḥislatan; ḥislānan |
الْأَحْسَالَ; الْحُسُولَ; الْحِسْلَةَ; الْحِسْلَانَ al-ʔaḥsāla; al-ḥusūla; al-ḥislata; al-ḥislāna |
أَحْسَالَ; حُسُولَ; حِسْلَةَ; حِسْلَانَ ʔaḥsāla; ḥusūla; ḥislata; ḥislāna |
Genitive | أَحْسَالٍ; حُسُولٍ; حِسْلَةٍ; حِسْلَانٍ ʔaḥsālin; ḥusūlin; ḥislatin; ḥislānin |
الْأَحْسَالِ; الْحُسُولِ; الْحِسْلَةِ; الْحِسْلَانِ al-ʔaḥsāli; al-ḥusūli; al-ḥislati; al-ḥislāni |
أَحْسَالِ; حُسُولِ; حِسْلَةِ; حِسْلَانِ ʔaḥsāli; ḥusūli; ḥislati; ḥislāni |
Derived terms
- حُسَيْل (ḥusayl, “diminutive”)
- أَبُو حِسْل (ʔabū ḥisl, “adult spiny-tailed lizard”)
Further reading
- Behnstedt, Peter; Woidich, Manfred (2012) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band II: Materielle Kultur (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100/II) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, , →ISBN, pages 361–362 for سِحْلِيَّة (siḥliyya).
- Jawharīy s.v.
- Freytag, Georg (1830), “حسل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 380b
- via Freytag, Georg (1830), “خسل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 487a compared from سَخْل (saḵl) at Freytag, Georg (1833), “سخل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 296a
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “حسل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 569
- Löw, Immanuel (1912), “Aramäische Lurchnamen”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete (in German), volume 26, page 147
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1904) Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 87