خرد

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Persian خرد‎ (xord).

Adjective

خرد • (hurd)

  1. little, small
  2. petty, insignificant

Etymology 2

From Persian خرد‎ (xerad).

Noun

خرد • (hıred)

  1. wisdom, intellect, sense, judgment, understanding

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hwlt' /xwurd/, “little”), perhaps originally the past participle of [script needed] (hwltn' /xwardan/, “to eat”); for the semantic development, compare the derivation of Proto-West Germanic *biti (“bit”) from *bītan (“to bite”).[1] Compare Talysh هرد‎ (hərd), Northern Luri هیرد‎ (hird).

Pronunciation
  • (Tajik) IPA(key): /xuɾd/

Adjective
Dari خرد
Iranian Persian
Tajik хурд (xurd)

خرد • (xord) (comparative خردتَر‎ (xord-tar), superlative خردتَرین‎ (xord-tarin))

  1. little, small
  2. insignificant
Descendants
  • → Ottoman Turkish: خرد‎ (hurd)
  • → Urdu: خرد‎ (xurd)
  • → Urdu: خردبین‎ (xurd-bīn, “microscope”)
  • → Urdu: خرد بین‎ (xurd-bīn, “microscope”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (hlt /xrat, xrad/, “wisdom, understanding, intelligence”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *krátuš (“intelligence, mental power”), from Proto-Indo-European *krét-us.

Akin to Old Armenian խրատ (xrat), an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation
  • (Tajik) IPA(key): /xiˈɾad/

Noun
Dari خرد
Iranian Persian
Tajik хирад (xirad)

خرد • (xerad)

  1. wisdom, intellect, judgment, understanding
Derived terms
  • خردمند‎ (xeradmand)
Descendants
  • → Ottoman Turkish: خرد‎ (hıred)

References
  1. Jost Gippert (2009), “An Etymological Trifle”, in Werner Sundermann, Almut Hintze, François de Blois, editors, Exegisti monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams‎, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 137-138

Urdu

Etymology 1

From Classical Persian خرد‎ (xirad, “wisdom, intellect”).

Pronunciation

Noun

خرد • (xirad) ?

  1. wisdom, intellect; judgement
  2. reason, understanding

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian خرد‎ (xurd).

Pronunciation

Adjective

خُرْد • (xurd) (Hindi spelling ख़ुर्द)

  1. little, small; minute
  2. young

References
  • “خرد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “خرد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John T. (1884), “خرد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  • “خرد”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
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