خواجه
Ottoman Turkish
Persian
Dari | خواجه |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | хоҷа (xoja) |
Etymology
Ultimately derived from a Middle Indo-Aryan reflex of Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya, “teacher; preceptor; spiritual adviser”), via Central Asian intermediaries.[1][2] Various Middle Indo-Aryan reflexes are attested from all stages, including Maharastri Prakrit 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uvajjhāa), but the Central Asian loaning source most closely resembles an unattested *𑀯𑀸𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (*vājjhāa) — matching Sindhi واجهو (vājho, “Hindu schoolteacher”), cf. also Tamil வாத்தியார் (vāttiyār, “teacher; instructor; family priest”). The initial aspiration in Classical Persian خواجه (xwāja) is also found in Khwarezmian خواجیک (xwʾjyk /xwājīk/, “venerated man”) and Chinese 和尚 (héshàng, “Buddhist monk”) (see more there).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /xʷɑːd͡ʒa/
- (Dari Persian) IPA(key): /xɑːd͡ʒa/
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /xɒːd͡ʒe/
- (Tajik) IPA(key): /xɔd͡ʒa/
Noun
خواجه • (xâje) (plural خواجهها (xâje-hâ) or خواجگان (xâjegân))
Derived terms
- حواجهزاده (xâje-zâde)
- حواجهسرا (xâje-sarâ)
- خواجگی (xâjegi)
- سرخواجه (sar-xâje)
Descendants
- Tajik: хоҷа (xoja) / خواجه
- → Bengali: খোজা (khōja)
- → Gujarati: ખોજા (khojā)
- → English: Khoja
- → Kazakh: Қожа (Qoja)
- → Russian: ходжа́ (xodžá)
- → Malay: khoja
- Indonesian: khoja
- → Punjabi: ਖ਼ੋਜਾ (xojā) / خوجہ (xojā)
- → Sindhi: خوجه
- → Turkmen: Hoja
- → Uyghur: خوجا (xoja)
- → Mandarin: 獲嘉/获嘉 (huòjiā)
- → Uzbek: xoja, xoʻja
- → Arabic: خَوَاجَة (ḵawāja)
- → Azerbaijani: xoca
- → Bashkir: хужа (xuja)
- → Bengali: খাজা (khaja)
- → Hindustani:
- → Punjabi: ਖ਼ਵਾਜਾ (xavājā) / خواجہ (xvājā)
- → Sindhi: خواجه
- → Ottoman Turkish: خواجه (hâce, hoca)
References
- Asatrian, Garnik (2011), “Review: Iranian Loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik 28) by Claudia A. Ciancaglini”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 15, issue 1/2, page 324
- Asatrian, Garnik (2012), “Marginal remarks on the history of some Persian words”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 16, issue 1, page 108
Further reading
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “خواجه”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press