شرك
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ش ر ك (š-r-k).
Verb
شَرِكَ • (šarika) I, non-past يَشْرَكُ (yašraku)
- (obsolete) to have the shoe strings broken
- (transitive) to share, to participate with (someone)
- to become a partner, to be a participant, to be an associate
Conjugation
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
širk or širka or šarika | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
šārik | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَشْرُوك mašrūk | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šariktu |
šarikta |
شَرِكَ šarika |
شَرِكْتُمَا šariktumā |
شَرِكَا šarikā |
šariknā |
šariktum |
šarikū | |||
f | šarikti |
šarikat |
شَرِكَتَا šarikatā |
šariktunna |
šarikna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔašraku |
tašraku |
yašraku |
تَشْرَكَانِ tašrakāni |
يَشْرَكَانِ yašrakāni |
našraku |
tašrakūna |
yašrakūna | |||
f | tašrakīna |
tašraku |
تَشْرَكَانِ tašrakāni |
tašrakna |
yašrakna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔašraka |
tašraka |
yašraka |
تَشْرَكَا tašrakā |
يَشْرَكَا yašrakā |
našraka |
tašrakū |
yašrakū | |||
f | tašrakī |
tašraka |
تَشْرَكَا tašrakā |
tašrakna |
yašrakna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔašrak |
tašrak |
yašrak |
تَشْرَكَا tašrakā |
يَشْرَكَا yašrakā |
našrak |
tašrakū |
yašrakū | |||
f | tašrakī |
tašrak |
تَشْرَكَا tašrakā |
tašrakna |
yašrakna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | išrak |
اِشْرَكَا išrakā |
išrakū |
||||||||
f | išrakī |
išrakna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šuriktu |
šurikta |
شُرِكَ šurika |
شُرِكْتُمَا šuriktumā |
شُرِكَا šurikā |
šuriknā |
šuriktum |
šurikū | |||
f | šurikti |
šurikat |
شُرِكَتَا šurikatā |
šuriktunna |
šurikna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušraku |
tušraku |
yušraku |
تُشْرَكَانِ tušrakāni |
يُشْرَكَانِ yušrakāni |
nušraku |
tušrakūna |
yušrakūna | |||
f | tušrakīna |
tušraku |
تُشْرَكَانِ tušrakāni |
tušrakna |
yušrakna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušraka |
tušraka |
yušraka |
تُشْرَكَا tušrakā |
يُشْرَكَا yušrakā |
nušraka |
tušrakū |
yušrakū | |||
f | tušrakī |
tušraka |
تُشْرَكَا tušrakā |
tušrakna |
yušrakna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušrak |
tušrak |
yušrak |
تُشْرَكَا tušrakā |
يُشْرَكَا yušrakā |
nušrak |
tušrakū |
yušrakū | |||
f | tušrakī |
tušrak |
تُشْرَكَا tušrakā |
tušrakna |
yušrakna |
Etymology 2
From the root ش ر ك (š-r-k). The meaning of associating partners to a god or sharing allegiance across multiple gods is, according to Jeffery 1938, a semantic loan from Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩧𐩫 (s²rk).
Noun
شِرْك • (širk) m (plural أَشْرَاك (ʔašrāk))
- verbal noun of شَرِكَ (šarika) (form I)
- (uncountable, Islam) polytheism, idolatry
-
- وَإِذْ قَالَ لُقْمَانُ لِٱبْنِهِ وَهُوَ يَعِظُهُ يَا بُنَيَّ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِٱللّٰهِۖ إِنَّ ٱلشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ
- waʔiḏ qāla luqmānu libnihi wahuwa yaʕiẓuhu yā bunayya lā tušrik bi-l-lāhi ʔinna š-širka laẓulmun ʕaẓīmun
- When Luqman said to his son, as he advised him: "O my son! Do not ascribe any partners to God. Polytheism is indeed a great injustice."
-
- إِن تَدْعُوهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُوا دُعَاءَكُمْ وَلَوْ سَمِعُوا مَا ٱسْتَجَابُوا لَكُمْۖ وَيَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ يَكْفُرُونَ بِشِرْكِكُمْۚ وَلَا يُنَبِّئُكَ مِثْلُ خَبِيرٍ
- ʔin tadʕūhum lā yasmaʕū duʕāʔakum walaw samiʕū mā stajābū lakum wayawma l-qiyāmati yakfurūna biširkikum walā yunabbiʔuka miṯlu ḵabīrin
- If you invoke them they will not hear your invocation, and even if they heard they cannot respond to you, and on the Day of Resurrection they will forswear your polytheism, and none can inform you like the One who is all-aware.
-
- (countable) share
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شِرْك širk |
الشِّرْك aš-širk |
شِرْك širk |
Nominative | شِرْكٌ širkun |
الشِّرْكُ aš-širku |
شِرْكُ širku |
Accusative | شِرْكًا širkan |
الشِّرْكَ aš-širka |
شِرْكَ širka |
Genitive | شِرْكٍ širkin |
الشِّرْكِ aš-širki |
شِرْكِ širki |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شِرْكَيْن širkayn |
الشِّرْكَيْن aš-širkayn |
شِرْكَيْ širkay |
Nominative | شِرْكَانِ širkāni |
الشِّرْكَانِ aš-širkāni |
شِرْكَا širkā |
Accusative | شِرْكَيْنِ širkayni |
الشِّرْكَيْنِ aš-širkayni |
شِرْكَيْ širkay |
Genitive | شِرْكَيْنِ širkayni |
الشِّرْكَيْنِ aš-širkayni |
شِرْكَيْ širkay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَشْرَاك ʔašrāk |
الْأَشْرَاك al-ʔašrāk |
أَشْرَاك ʔašrāk |
Nominative | أَشْرَاكٌ ʔašrākun |
الْأَشْرَاكُ al-ʔašrāku |
أَشْرَاكُ ʔašrāku |
Accusative | أَشْرَاكًا ʔašrākan |
الْأَشْرَاكَ al-ʔašrāka |
أَشْرَاكَ ʔašrāka |
Genitive | أَشْرَاكٍ ʔašrākin |
الْأَشْرَاكِ al-ʔašrāki |
أَشْرَاكِ ʔašrāki |
Etymology 3
From the root ش ر ك (š-r-k).
Noun
شَرَك • (šarak) m (plural شُرُك (šuruk) or أَشْرَاك (ʔašrāk) or شِرَاك (širāk))
- net, snare, trap, booby trap
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَرَك šarak |
الشَّرَك aš-šarak |
شَرَك šarak |
Nominative | شَرَكٌ šarakun |
الشَّرَكُ aš-šaraku |
شَرَكُ šaraku |
Accusative | شَرَكًا šarakan |
الشَّرَكَ aš-šaraka |
شَرَكَ šaraka |
Genitive | شَرَكٍ šarakin |
الشَّرَكِ aš-šaraki |
شَرَكِ šaraki |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شَرَكَيْن šarakayn |
الشَّرَكَيْن aš-šarakayn |
شَرَكَيْ šarakay |
Nominative | شَرَكَانِ šarakāni |
الشَّرَكَانِ aš-šarakāni |
شَرَكَا šarakā |
Accusative | شَرَكَيْنِ šarakayni |
الشَّرَكَيْنِ aš-šarakayni |
شَرَكَيْ šarakay |
Genitive | شَرَكَيْنِ šarakayni |
الشَّرَكَيْنِ aš-šarakayni |
شَرَكَيْ šarakay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شُرُك; أَشْرَاك; شِرَاك šuruk; ʔašrāk; širāk |
الشُّرُك; الْأَشْرَاك; الشِّرَاك aš-šuruk; al-ʔašrāk; aš-širāk |
شُرُك; أَشْرَاك; شِرَاك šuruk; ʔašrāk; širāk |
Nominative | شُرُكٌ; أَشْرَاكٌ; شِرَاكٌ šurukun; ʔašrākun; širākun |
الشُّرُكُ; الْأَشْرَاكُ; الشِّرَاكُ aš-šuruku; al-ʔašrāku; aš-širāku |
شُرُكُ; أَشْرَاكُ; شِرَاكُ šuruku; ʔašrāku; širāku |
Accusative | شُرُكًا; أَشْرَاكًا; شِرَاكًا šurukan; ʔašrākan; širākan |
الشُّرُكَ; الْأَشْرَاكَ; الشِّرَاكَ aš-šuruka; al-ʔašrāka; aš-širāka |
شُرُكَ; أَشْرَاكَ; شِرَاكَ šuruka; ʔašrāka; širāka |
Genitive | شُرُكٍ; أَشْرَاكٍ; شِرَاكٍ šurukin; ʔašrākin; širākin |
الشُّرُكِ; الْأَشْرَاكِ; الشِّرَاكِ aš-šuruki; al-ʔašrāki; aš-širāki |
شُرُكِ; أَشْرَاكِ; شِرَاكِ šuruki; ʔašrāki; širāki |
Etymology 4
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. From the root ش ر ك (š-r-k).
Noun
شُرُك • (šuruk) m pl
Etymology 5
From the root ش ر ك (š-r-k).
Declension
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | شُرُك šuruk |
الشُّرُك aš-šuruk |
شُرُكَة šuruka |
الشُّرُكَة aš-šuruka |
Nominative | شُرُكٌ šurukun |
الشُّرُكُ aš-šuruku |
شُرُكَةٌ šurukatun |
الشُّرُكَةُ aš-šurukatu |
Accusative | شُرُكًا šurukan |
الشُّرُكَ aš-šuruka |
شُرُكَةً šurukatan |
الشُّرُكَةَ aš-šurukata |
Genitive | شُرُكٍ šurukin |
الشُّرُكِ aš-šuruki |
شُرُكَةٍ šurukatin |
الشُّرُكَةِ aš-šurukati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | شُرُكَيْن šurukayn |
الشُّرُكَيْن aš-šurukayn |
شُرُكَتَيْن šurukatayn |
الشُّرُكَتَيْن aš-šurukatayn |
Nominative | شُرُكَانِ šurukāni |
الشُّرُكَانِ aš-šurukāni |
شُرُكَتَانِ šurukatāni |
الشُّرُكَتَانِ aš-šurukatāni |
Accusative | شُرُكَيْنِ šurukayni |
الشُّرُكَيْنِ aš-šurukayni |
شُرُكَتَيْنِ šurukatayni |
الشُّرُكَتَيْنِ aš-šurukatayni |
Genitive | شُرُكَيْنِ šurukayni |
الشُّرُكَيْنِ aš-šurukayni |
شُرُكَتَيْنِ šurukatayni |
الشُّرُكَتَيْنِ aš-šurukatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
plural unknown | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | ? ? |
? ? |
شُرُكَات šurukāt |
الشُّرُكَات aš-šurukāt |
Nominative | ? ? |
? ? |
شُرُكَاتٌ šurukātun |
الشُّرُكَاتُ aš-šurukātu |
Accusative | ? ? |
? ? |
شُرُكَاتٍ šurukātin |
الشُّرُكَاتِ aš-šurukāti |
Genitive | ? ? |
? ? |
شُرُكَاتٍ šurukātin |
الشُّرُكَاتِ aš-šurukāti |
References
- Freytag, Georg (1833), “شرك”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 415–416
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 185–186
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “شرك”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 651
Moroccan Arabic
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): /ʃrak/
Verb
شرك • (šrak) (form I, non-past يشرك (yišrak))
- to share
- شركته معاه.
- šraktu mʕāh.
- I shared it with him.
- to become a partner, to be a participant, to be an associate
- شركت معاه فديك القهوة.
- šrakt mʕāh f-dīk el-qahwa.
- I became his partner in that café.
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Verb
شرك • (šrak) (form I, non-past يشرك (yišrak))
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): /ʃirk/
Pronunciation 3
- IPA(key): /ʃar.raɡ/
Verb
شرك • (šarrag) (form II, non-past يشرك (yšarrag))
Conjugation
Conjugation of شرك | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | شرّكت (šarragt) | شرّكتي (šarragti) | شرّك (šarrag) | شرّكنا (šarragna) | شرّكتوا (šarragtu) | شرّكوا (šarrgu) | |
f | شرّكت (šarrgāt) | |||||||
non-past | m | نشرّك (nšarrag) | تشرّك (tšarrag) | يشرّك (yšarrag) | نشرّكوا (nšarrgu) | تشرّكوا (tšarrgu) | يشرّكوا (yšarrgu) | |
f | تشرّكي (tšarrgi) | تشرّك (tšarrag) | ||||||
imperative | m | شرّك (šarrag) | شرّكوا (šarrgu) | |||||
f | شرّكي (šarrgi) |
Alternative forms
- شرڭ (šarrag), شرگ (šarrag)