شهر

See also: شہر and سہر

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ش ه ر (š-h-r). The meaning “month” can be considered a semantic loan from Aramaic סהרא, but compare Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩠𐩧 (s²hr, beginning of the lunar month).

Pronunciation

  • Verb I: IPA(key): /ʃa.ha.ra/
  • Verb II: IPA(key): /ʃah.ha.ra/
  • Noun: IPA(key): /ʃahr/
  • Noun:
    (file)

Verb

شَهَرَ (šahara) I, non-past يَشْهَرُ‎ (yašharu)

  1. to spread, to make known, to divulge
  2. to make well-known, to make famous, to make notorious
  3. to proclaim, to announce
  4. to draw (a weapon), to unsheathe

Conjugation

Verb

شَهَّرَ (šahhara) II, non-past يُشَهِّرُ‎ (yušahhiru)

  1. to make well-known, to make famous, to make notorious
  2. to spread, to make known, to divulge
  3. to proclaim, to announce
  4. to defame, to slander, to revile, to pillory, to condemn, to denounce

Conjugation

Noun

شَهْر (šahr) m (plural أَشْهُر (ʔašhur) or شُهُور (šuhūr))

  1. verbal noun of شَهَرَ (šahara) (form I)
  2. month (unit of time)
  3. new moon (beginning of the lunar month)
    شَهْر الْعَسَل (šahr al-ʕasal, honeymoon)

Declension

References

  • Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 186–187
  • Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), شهر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 680

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic شَهْر (šahr).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʃhar/
  • (file)
  • (file)

Noun

شهر (šhar) m (dual شهرين (šahrayn), plural شهور (šhūr) or شهورة (šhūra))

  1. month

See also

Gregorian calendar months in Moroccan Arabic · شهور التقويم الميلادي (šhūr et-taqwīm el-mīlādi) (layout · text)
January February March April
شهر واحد (šhar wāḥid)
يناير (yanāyir)
شهر جوج (šhar jūj)
فبراير (fibrāyir)
شهر تلاتة (šhar tlāta)
مارس (māris)
شهر ربعة (šhar rabʕa)
أبريل (abrīl)
May June July August
شهر خمسة (šhar ḵamsa)
ماي (māy)
شهر ستة (šhar sitta)
يونيو (yūnyu)
شهر سبعة (šhar sabʕa)
يوليوز (yūlyūz)
شهر تمنية (šhar tmanya)
غشت (ḡušt)
September October November December
شهر تسعة (šhar tisʕa)
شهر تسعود (šhar tisʕūd)
شتنبر (šutanbir)
شهر عشرة (šhar ʕašra)
أكتوبر (ʔuktūbar)
شهر حداش (šhar ḥdāš)
نونبر (nuwanbir)
شهر تناش (šhar tnāš)
دجنبر (dujanbir)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian شهر (šahr, city, town).

Noun

شهر (şehir)

  1. city, a large settlement bigger than a town
    Synonym: مدینه (medine)
  2. (especially) the chief city or capital of a province

Derived terms

  • آلاشهر (Alaşehir, town in Manisa province)
  • شهر امینی (şehir emini, prefect)
  • شهر اوغلانی (şehir oğlanı, street Arab)
  • شهربند (şehirbend, the walls around a city)
  • شهرستان (şehirstan, country full of cities)
  • شهرلو (şehirli, townsman)

Descendants

  • Turkish: şehir
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    Latin script: šȅher
    Cyrillic script: ше̏хер

Further reading

Persian

Dari شهر
Iranian Persian
Tajik шаҳр (šahr)

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štry /šahr/), from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (x-š-ç-m /xšaça-/)), from Proto-Iranian *xshatram , compare Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (xšaθra, kingdom), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kshatrám, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (to attain). Compare Pashto ښار (ẍâr).

Pronunciation

  • (Dari): IPA(key): /ʃahɾ/
  • (Kabuli): IPA(key): /ʃɒːɾ/

Noun

شهر (šahr) (plural شهرها (šahr-hâ))

  1. (obsolete) land, country
  2. city, town
  • شهری (šahri, civic, urban)
  • شهرستان (šahrestân, province)
  • شهرک (šahrak, town)
  • شهرنشین (šahrnešin)
  • شهرسازی (šahrsâzi)
  • شهرآورد (šahr-âvard)
  • ایرانشهر (irânšahr)
  • شهردار (šahrdâr, mayor)

Descendants

References

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic شَهْر (šahr).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʃahr/, [ˈʃa.h(ɪ)r]
  • (file)

Noun

شهر (šahr) m (plural أشهر (ʔašhor) or شهور (šhūr))

  1. month

See also

Gregorian calendar months in South Levantine Arabic · أشهر التقويم الميلادي (ʔašhor it-taqwīm il-mīlādi) (layout · text)
January February March April
شهر واحد (šahr wāḥad),
كانون التاني (kānūn it-tāni)
شهر تنين (šahr tnēn),
شباط (šbāṭ)
شهر تلاتة (šahr talāte),
آذار (ʔāḏār)
شهر أربعة (šahr arbaʕa),
نيسان (nīsān)
May June July August
شهر خمسة (šahr ḵamse),
أيّار (ʔayyār)
شهر ستّة (šahr sitte),
حزيران (ḥazīrān)
شهر سبعة (šahr sabʕa),
تمّوز (tammūz)
شهر تمانية (šahr tamanye),
آب (ʔāb)
September October November December
شهر تسعة (šahr tisʕa),
أيلول (ʔēlūl)
شهر عشرة (šahr ʕašara),
تشرين الأوّل (tišrīn il-ʔawwal)
شهر حدعش (šahr ḥdaʕš),
تشرين التاني (tišrīn it-tāni)
شهر تنعش (šahr tnaʕš),
كانون الأوّل (kānūn il-ʔawwal)
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